Motivation in the Workplace Essay

Motivation is difficult to explain and practice. However motivation is still the one thing that makes people productive in their jobs. Whether the motivation is tangible or not, it all depends on the individual and how management takes the information and applies it. There are many theories and practices that can be studied and applied to any situation. Motivational theories are studied and practiced by theorists and companies to increase productivity. According to Jerald Greenberg (1999) scientist have defined motivations â€Å"as the process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal†. The act of arousing is related to the desire and vigor to produce. Directing is the election of behavior, and maintenance is the inclination to behave a certain manner until the desired outcome is met (Greenberg 1999). Much of the motivation theories will be related to the definition provided. Some major motivation theories along with the method to successfully motivate employees will be introduced. The theory and method that a manager may choose to use will depend on the environment and on the individual. There are two types of motivation theories content and process. The Content theories are based on the basic need and drives. The other theories focus on the process by which people are motivated (Pepitone, 1999). Content theories of motivation focus on this question: What causes behavior to occur and stop? The answers usually center on (1) the needs, motives or desires that drive pressure and forces employees to action and (2)employees’ relationships to the incentive that lead, induce, pull and persuade them to perform. The needs or motives are internal to the individual. They cause people to choose a specific course of action to satisfy a need. Incentives are external factors that give value or utility to the goal or outcome of the employees’ behavior (Pepitone, 1999). Abraham H. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a content motivational theory. Maslow’s basis was human behavior. He conducted his investigation between 1939 and 1943. The hierarchy of needs has five sets of goals that are called basic needs. Maslow’s idea was â€Å" people will not be healthy and well-adjusted unless they have their needs met† (Greenberg 1999). Maslow arranged the needs in different levels in order of importance. As in a hierarchy the lower level are the most basic needs and the top are the higher level needs. Looking at the figure below one can see how the hierarchy works. The lower order needs must be met before proceeding to the higher order needs. According to Greenberg (1999), Maslow’s needs are in the following order: physiological need, safety need, social need, esteem need, and self-actualization. Man’s basic needs are physiological, for example, hunger, thirst, sleep, etc. When these are satisfied they are replaced by safety needs reflecting one’s desire for protection against danger or deprivation. These in turn, when satisfied are replaced by the need for love or belonging to, which are functions of man’s desire to belong to a group, to give and receive friendship and to associate happily with people. When these needs have been satisfied, the esteem needs seeks to be met. One desires self -esteem and self-respect, which are affected by a person’s standing reputation, and his need for recognition and appreciation. Finally, individuals have a need for self-actualization or a desire for self-fulfillment. The urge by individuals for self-development, creativity and job satisfaction (Boeree 1999) In the past, management rewards systems have attempted to satisfy an individual’s lower level needs for safety and physiological security, for protection against deprivation and the threat to a worker or his family. However, management rewards systems should be, aiming to satisfy the individual’s actual need (Boeree 1999). When believed that a certain reward is important and can be attained, the individual will demonstrate a given amount of effort. This in turn will be demonstrated in performance. The link between effort, performance and expectancy is about accomplishing the task. The links between the performance and reward are connected. One’s assumption for whether the rewards are available if the person worked effectively describes the link. In this link the manager/organization is responsible of acknowledging the performance of the employee. If the manager/organizatio n does not acknowledge the employee, there can be a breakdown in the motivation. The acknowledgment needs to be direct, strong, and immediate. Employees usually determine in advance what their behavior may accomplish and the value they place on alternative possible accomplishments or outcomes. Goal setting theory is the specification of goal to increase performance. Assigning difficult goals usually result in higher performance. Goal setting has three components that have to be used to successfully apply this concept. First the identification of the process, then the characteristics and finally the feedback. The characteristics of goal setting consist of making the goal specific and challenging. The goal must be challenging to increase self-efficacy. It has been noted that a difficult task tends to increase an employee’s performance. This may be because usually people work harder to reach a challenging goal as long it is believed that it can be done. Lastly, feedback will allow people to be informed of their progress. This stage usually included praises about the good job that has been done (Wheaton & Cameron, 1998). The descriptions of content and process theories of motivation dealing with organizational and individual behavior are briefly explained. The explanation is only a basis for a better understanding on why and how to approach the concept of motivating employees. All the theories conclude that the manner that managers perceive their organizations and their employees affect their productivity. Whether they are private, public or non-profit organization their aim is to be productive and effective. When looking at the different sectors, they have different goals and objectives, and therefore they must take different approaches in management. Though this may be true we must also acknowledge that all sectors require one to motivate their staff to produce. As managers we must into consideration the different type of individual that make up our organizations. One must modify management styles and behaviors. Dr. Renis Likert has researched many organizations and developed an effective manner to motivate employees and have a productive organization. He has identified four management styles that he feels should be a part of management style in an organization. First exploitive style is where management makes all the decisions and the lower levels are given no power this style has an authoritative approach. The second is the benevolent style that has an authoritative approach, however in this case the management has some trust. The consultative style has substantial amount of trust in their staff. The staff is motivated by reward and some involvement. There is some communication and teamwork involved. Lastly the participative style is more of the group approach. Management has confidences in their staff and the staff feels responsible in accomplishing the organizations mission. This style encourages communication and teamwork. The participative style is the best approach for profit and customer service organizations. Organizations should make the transition to train management to motivate their staff using the participative approach (Cook 1991). As a manager it is difficult to motivate your staff to be productive; however, using certain methods can create a positive environment. It was thought that money motivated people but that has changed. Much of the theories discussed before deal with individual behaviors and needs. One can conclude that motivation is internal and as employers one must make observations and decide what each individual desires. According to Cook (1991) manager must give their staff as much as an organization can. Many employees want to have benefits and security, however; what happens after a job has provided those needs. Remember that Maslow theory has the five needs of an individual and they do not all deal with the necessary needs. As an employer identifying what stage your employee is in will help in putting a plan into action. Collaboration is a way to give employees the feeling of importance. Eliminating any kind of obstacle will create an atmosphere that your staff is eager to perform (Bruce, A. & Pepitone, J. 1999). Another approach is educating your employees and matches them to projects that they find interesting and those on which they are knowledgeable. Employees are willing to work harder on projects that they can relate to. This will also increase their success rate that will help in improving their self-esteem. Yet another way to increase productivity is with empowerment. Giving people the choice to make decisions and giving them the tools and supports to their job will increase the inner motivation force within the employees. Encourage staff to satisfy their need for affiliation and create a relationship with the employee to be part of the organizations mission. It is difficult to motivate employees when a manager’s view is negative. For instance a manager’s behavior is explained with McGregor’s Theory X or Theory Y. In this case a manager must identify what style of managing is most effective. Building morale is an important concept when motivating employees. Morale will help create productivity in an organization. Developing a shared vision is a way to begin building morale. For instance as managers, one must communicate views honestly a directly during discussion with employees about performance. Make sure they have the necessary information to do their job. Allow employees to influence their own performance goals. Get out of the office, be visible and accessible. Communicate a clear view of the long-range direction of the organization. Listen carefully and consider the opinions of others open-mindedly before evaluating staff. Communicate high personal standards informally with day-to-day contact. Remember to acknowledge the progress that the staff has achieved either with certificates, a note or just a tap on the shoulder. The staff wants to be told that they are doing a good job (Pepitone & Bruce, 1999). Again empowering staff requires some basic principles. Inform the staff what their responsibilities are. Give them authority equal to their responsibilities. Set standards of excellence. Provide people with training that will enable them to meet these standards. Provide feedback on performance. Recognize them for their achievements. Trust and treat them with dignity and respect (Nelson 1997). Showing staff that management is listening and affirming that you understand their view will create positive work environment. The language that use is also very important. Using â€Å"we† and â€Å"us† when speaking of the organization this will make the staff feel a part of the organization, thus improving the productivity of the staff. Encourage employees to make suggestion no matter how small the idea may be, and this will create a comfortable environment and inspire more significant ideas (Cook 1991). It is important to point out, however, that motivation must be used wisely. The misuse of some theories and techniques could result in negative consequences. Remember that employees who receive rewards on performance tend to perform better than employees in groups where rewards are not based on performance. Understanding the causes of human behavior can predict the behavior to the extent that the behavior can be controlled. Therefore, if managers understand the relationship between incentives, motivation, and productivity, they should be able to predict the behavior of their employees. Consequently, managers who know this, and know how to apply given incentive, can expect to realize increased productivity from employees. Today, 70% of employees are less motivated while 50% only put enough effort into their work to keep their job (Spitzer 1995). Many managers are not sure of the technique to use to motivate their staff. The best way to find what motivates staff is to ask them directly. This may be done informally or during performance evaluations. Find out what he/she wants from the organization and what makes them happy. A happy employee will be more productive than an unhappy one. If there has been a problem with absenteeism it may be because the organization is not fulfilling their needs. Whether it is need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation, or the basic needs as studied by Herzberg, McClelland, or Maslow as a manager must examine and modify the management approach. References Boeree, C. George (2006) Abraham Maslow. Available: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html Cook, M. (1991). 10-Minute Guide to Motivating People. New York: Alpha Book Greenberg, J. (1999) Managing Behavior in Organizational (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Learning, Reinforcement, Reward System and Self-Management Teams. Available: www.emporio.edu Nelson, B (1997). 1001 Ways to Energize Employees. New York: Workman Publishing Pepitone, J. &Bruce, A. (1999) Motivating Employees. New York: McGraw Hill Spitzer, D. (1995). Super Motivation. New York: AMACON. Wheaton & Cameron.(1998) Developing Management Skills 4th Ed. Addison –Wesley Inc

Advantage and Disadvantage Being a Police Officer

I would love to be a police officer. I, have wanted to do this type of work because, it is an exciting career that will allow me to make a difference in my community. I know that being a police officer can be a dangerous, difficult and stressful job. However, it can also be a rewarding in doing what I'd love to do. Two definite challenges in being a police officer will be dangerous nature of the work and the long hours along with shift work.In addition each day you got to work, risking your life to protect the community, so you often put your own safety at the back of your mind. Racing through traffic to crime scenes, risking being shot and approaching unsuspecting criminals are just some of the daily activities that make the job dangerous and unpredictable. While there are bound to be lots of challenges, the rewards should outweigh them. First of all you can meet a variety of people, it can be a grate alternative to a boring desk job.It is immensely satisfying to save lives every da y and also to help people make better choices. Most often you will encounter people at their worst (drug addicts, gang members, thieves). The most satisfying aspect of working as a police officer is the unique opportunity you have to show these people a better way. Working as a police officer would not always be easy. Every day would be sure to bring its challenges. Whatever the challenges, the ultimate reward would be following my dream and helping keep my community peaceful and safe.

Challenging Obstacle

Well the most challenging obstacle that I had to overcome was the death of my father. My life was turned upside down when it all happened. It greatly impacted me on a physical and mental level. Luckily this challenge taught me to cherish life. It even brought me closer to God and to understand that he has a plan for all of us. It pushed me to become more determined and motivated in any activity I partake in. Our family is much closer now then we were before. His death opened my eyes and my mind to accept the idea that you must live life to the fullest. Not only did it teach me to live life but it showed me how to be confident, strong, respectable to everyone and everything, and how to appreciate the little things in life. This would definitely be the hardest obstacle that I ever had to face in my life. Ever since that faithful day my views on life have changed dramatically. Now I have become more an optimistic individual. Yes, I am more optimistic because now I see the true beauty of the world that I always overlooked. When I see pictures of nature it releases a feeling of sanctity or even solace. I don’t take life for granted anymore, now I strongly believe that every life is precious even the pesky bugs. His leaving revealed that instead of rushing life I should stop every once in a while and take a gander at nature. Like a moment to soak it all in and embrace the true beauty that so much people fail to see. Now I live in the moment instead of worrying what the future brings. This ordeal has brought me a lot more near to God. In my prayers I learned that God needed him and that my father had fulfilled his purpose. I know it sound cliche but it is the truth and no one can tell me differently. Instead of resorting to drug I turned to God and he helped me through the pain. In a way God has taken the role of a fatherly figure and I am grateful. I go to church more often and I feel more alive and refreshed. This trial has shown me the love that God has to offer and how he will take care of you when your love ones are gone. God has become an important factor in my life after my dad died. My determination is at the highest point it could be. I have this motivation to strive to become the best I can. I do these things to make my father proud and to honor his legacy. To be honest, if my father was alive today I wouldn’t have fathom the idea of taking Advanced Placement courses. I would have relied on my dad to do everything for me including finding and paying for my college. Now I can proudly say that with this newfound determination I can succeed on my own. For once in my life I am actually studying and pushing myself to the limit on how much I can learn and retain. I was able to turn such a negative situation into a positive by using it to fuel my dreams. When all was finished this traumatic event created a feeling of togetherness. Our family became tighter and closer together. Now we set up family nights where it would either be Mexican night meaning we make Mexican dishes or game night where we battle it out on the Wii. On certain Saturday’s we all would go out to any restaurant mostly Chili’s and sit-down and talk about how our week was. In a sense we come together and evaluate our week and sometimes we even reminisce about him. It is better to remember the good times than to remember what happened that cold December night. His death brought our family together and taught individual to enjoy the times we have left on Earth because you never know when it is your time. The experience I gained was how to be confident in everything I do. I learned how to be strong in times of great distress. I now have the utmost respect for every living thing. Also, his death allowed me to see how important life is and how we must make the most of it. You always live like it is you last day and always be willing to aid those in need. My father passing away gave me lesson that I hope to pass onto my children. Seeing my father go would have to be the hardest thing that I ever had to overcome. Thanks to God I am standing here stronger than ever. Instead of using this as an excuse I am using this as fuel to empower me. This situation has impacted me physical and mental but I won’t ever let it hold me down. In my heart I know that my father will never accept less so I will aim for the highest peak and ride it out to the end. Challenging Obstacle Well the most challenging obstacle that I had to overcome was the death of my father. My life was turned upside down when it all happened. It greatly impacted me on a physical and mental level. Luckily this challenge taught me to cherish life. It even brought me closer to God and to understand that he has a plan for all of us. It pushed me to become more determined and motivated in any activity I partake in. Our family is much closer now then we were before. His death opened my eyes and my mind to accept the idea that you must live life to the fullest. Not only did it teach me to live life but it showed me how to be confident, strong, respectable to everyone and everything, and how to appreciate the little things in life. This would definitely be the hardest obstacle that I ever had to face in my life. Ever since that faithful day my views on life have changed dramatically. Now I have become more an optimistic individual. Yes, I am more optimistic because now I see the true beauty of the world that I always overlooked. When I see pictures of nature it releases a feeling of sanctity or even solace. I don’t take life for granted anymore, now I strongly believe that every life is precious even the pesky bugs. His leaving revealed that instead of rushing life I should stop every once in a while and take a gander at nature. Like a moment to soak it all in and embrace the true beauty that so much people fail to see. Now I live in the moment instead of worrying what the future brings. This ordeal has brought me a lot more near to God. In my prayers I learned that God needed him and that my father had fulfilled his purpose. I know it sound cliche but it is the truth and no one can tell me differently. Instead of resorting to drug I turned to God and he helped me through the pain. In a way God has taken the role of a fatherly figure and I am grateful. I go to church more often and I feel more alive and refreshed. This trial has shown me the love that God has to offer and how he will take care of you when your love ones are gone. God has become an important factor in my life after my dad died. My determination is at the highest point it could be. I have this motivation to strive to become the best I can. I do these things to make my father proud and to honor his legacy. To be honest, if my father was alive today I wouldn’t have fathom the idea of taking Advanced Placement courses. I would have relied on my dad to do everything for me including finding and paying for my college. Now I can proudly say that with this newfound determination I can succeed on my own. For once in my life I am actually studying and pushing myself to the limit on how much I can learn and retain. I was able to turn such a negative situation into a positive by using it to fuel my dreams. When all was finished this traumatic event created a feeling of togetherness. Our family became tighter and closer together. Now we set up family nights where it would either be Mexican night meaning we make Mexican dishes or game night where we battle it out on the Wii. On certain Saturday’s we all would go out to any restaurant mostly Chili’s and sit-down and talk about how our week was. In a sense we come together and evaluate our week and sometimes we even reminisce about him. It is better to remember the good times than to remember what happened that cold December night. His death brought our family together and taught individual to enjoy the times we have left on Earth because you never know when it is your time. The experience I gained was how to be confident in everything I do. I learned how to be strong in times of great distress. I now have the utmost respect for every living thing. Also, his death allowed me to see how important life is and how we must make the most of it. You always live like it is you last day and always be willing to aid those in need. My father passing away gave me lesson that I hope to pass onto my children. Seeing my father go would have to be the hardest thing that I ever had to overcome. Thanks to God I am standing here stronger than ever. Instead of using this as an excuse I am using this as fuel to empower me. This situation has impacted me physical and mental but I won’t ever let it hold me down. In my heart I know that my father will never accept less so I will aim for the highest peak and ride it out to the end.

Personal time management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal time management - Essay Example Apart from being a mother, I am a full time professional as well. I am undertaking online classes within the nursing informatics class for the BSN degree. Handling all these affairs is indeed a difficult task but I have to be on my toes at all times. This is in line with my understanding that I am also a mother who has to look after her family and thus be available to the kids and home on a consistent basis. My life does not know any shortcuts or alternatives coming to its fore. I have to be present when the going gets tough, and this happens to me on a constant basis. What is even more significant is the fact that my work tasks are handled on a regular basis, and there are no time delays as such. I have to give top priority to my family because they remain quintessential to me all said and done. I am of the view that time management is not that big of an issue as it is made of. This is because time management comes about when there are concerted efforts to get things right and that too within such a scenario where there is immense understanding of the regular routines that happen, and thus happen without any rhyme and reason. If we can do away with such nuances, it would be correct to state that the time management issue would not even crop up in the first place. I am sure that time management issues hurt those individuals who are not punctual, in fact who do not want to be on time at all. The people who make an effort to be on time and thus complete their chores in accordance usually remain successful with not only managing this issue but also the other pertinent ones that mar their lives every now and then (Warhurst, 2007). As a mother of five kids, I am optimistic that time management is not that big of an issue and could be resolved if there are proper efforts put in pl ace by the people who want to have it under their grasps. However, all that has been said by our forefathers in relation with

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Business Ethics - Essay Example Strict regulation of the labour industry in the USA and other developed countries means companies will have to incur increased cost of production. Therefore, developing countries in regions such as Asia has provided the necessary conditions for businesses to increase their production capacity while reducing cost of production. This has also provided global corporations with an avenue where they enjoy markets in developed countries but avoid the stringent rules and regulations in home countries. While corporations have succeeded in the cost of labour, there has been significant media spotlight on the operations of factories contracted to provide various services with evidence indicating widespread irregularities in labour practices. This report will focus on sweatshop scandal involving Nike in discussion of impropriety in overseas factories while also examining the situation from different stakeholders’ point of view. The ethical problem in this situation is also highlighted based on the argument that Nike concentrated on making profits while neglecting what was right for the workers in the factories. Suggestions are also presented on why attempts to remedy the situation were not effective while also noting how Nike should have reacted to the scandal. The sweatshop scandal involving Nike involves perceived wrongdoings in the organization’s labour practices for a period between 1991 and 2005. The scandal went public tarnishing Nike’s image build on offering high quality products in the sportswear and apparel industry. As an organization that aims to be the best in the industry, Nike’s strategy involves outsourcing various functions and manufacturing capabilities in order to reduce cost and focus on effective marketing strategy for organizational products (Vogel, 2006). Therefore, their outsourcing strategy led to the sweatshop scandal as a number of contractors in

Public Health and the Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Health and the Law - Assignment Example Any person who tests positive to alcoholic or drug influence or intoxication and driving at the same time, such a person is incapable of driving safely is guilty of an offence which is liable for a sentence as well as a fine. Such offences may be converted to serious criminal charges that may attract long sentences such as life imprisonment. Furthermore, the laws also concern observance and respect for traffic signs. This includes traffic signs concerning turning, stopping, starting, changing of lanes, speed limits, among others. The federal and local states ensure that there are requisite gadgets to ensure that there is surveillance to enable law enforcers to effectively monitor road use. In Illinois, for example, the court may order suspension of driver’s license in the event the user does not follow traffic signs. Federal and local states furthermore ensure that all vehicles in use are adequately insured. This will ensure that passengers and other road users are protected. Furthermore, the insurance also covers maintenance of vehicles in case of damage. Besides, the rules cover the speed limits allowable in given areas, and the use of safety belts. Finally, the laws too cover the action or procedure to be followed in the event of an accident. For example, from 1st January 2013, the Illinois laws allow victims of an accident to remove vehicles from the main way if the accident did not result to an injury. This serves to reduce further accidents that may result from road blockage (Olson & Dewar, 2002). Road safety rules are administrative laws. This is because they involve formulation, enforcement and regulation. Furthermore, there is an agency or agencies, at local or federal levels that ensure that the laws are adhered to. In addition traffic laws are a branch of public laws whose concern is to ensure public road safety. These laws are closely related to public health services since they concern the wellbeing of the whole public while

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Case Study Example KFC does not face any micro political risk, which arises from environmental and economic changes for outlets in foreign countries. Micro risks are inherent in United States KFC adaptation strategy involves adaptation of Chinese culture. This is observed in its involvement with Chinese governing bodies, and hiring of local staffs in it operation. Its goes further to incorporate Chinese food in its Menu, a rare feature and valuable strategy for business to thrive and survive. It strives to identify itself with locals in all processes, though it is an entity situated in a foreign land. Feeding of birds genetically to enhance their growth rate results to ailments Among them include extreme obesity, fatty livers and kidneys, heart attacks and other ailments. Overcrowding of birds to an extreme where some of them break wings, and hanging of chickens with conveyor belts while they are still alive are unethical practices observed in KFC business

International financial markets IP 1 Assignment

International financial markets IP 1 - Assignment Example This paper is an attempt to look into the differences that exist in two countries where Acme Corporation is considering establishing a Greenfield investment. These two countries are the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Well, it must be remembered that these two countries are totally different in several aspects that can really affect the decision of the corporation to venture into their markets. The UK is a member of the European Commission and is generally a developed economy with good and well managed sectors. On the other hand, Nigeria is one of the largest economies in Africa with a very large consumer population that drives economic growth. Trade and economic policies The UK prractices an open economy where trade liberalization and competition for free trade is highly cherished and encouraged. Any business is able to trade freely and invest competitively without any unnecessary restrictions from the government. One of the greatest concerns of the government here is to maximize the op portunities that exist for international trade in order to economically benefit the country. Well, this is after the recognition that trade enables countries to specialize in activities that enable them to fully explore and exploit their resources and strengths. This open economy system has enabled the UK to experience high economic growth rates over the years especially in the post-war era. The policy has also strengthened the UK’s consumer markert as corporations and businesses strive to stay competitive amid the challenges and realities of this age (Smith, 2010). Over the years the UK has been known as a haven of very favorable trade policies that enabled many of its firms go multinational. Even though this attribute has slightly been lost over the years courtesy of very high interest rates and the global financial meltdown, the government through the Bank of England has incessantly been trying to bring down the interest rates and increase the money supply in the banking s ystem with a view of restoring economic stability. Nevertheless it must be remembered that the trade policies in the UK are generally investor friendly and may not be much different from the US case. Nigeria is a developing economy grappling with the economic challenges that affect most countries in this category. However, it is a booming economy driven by its productive oil sector coupled with a very high population that creates a lot of demand for consumer goods and services. Even though the federal government of Nigeria recognizes the benefits of trade liberalization and the need to open up the market for international competition, challenges have always been realized. Like in any other developing country, the infant industries have to be protected from the stiff competition posed by foreign corporations. There also exists the common assumption that free trade can only exist under an ideal economic system which is always impossibility. Nigerian trade policies are driven under the auspices of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) that seeks to restore the economy of the country after several decades of economic instability that bedeviled the country (Olaloku, 2007). As such, the government has been trying to encourage capital inflows into the country through foreign direct investments. This is in a bid to reduce the country’s dependence on the oil sector by creating other sources of revenue. However, the federal gover

Develop a description essay about a narrator character in The Tale Assignment

Develop a description essay about a narrator character in The Tale Tell Heart - Assignment Example A person with psychopathic behavior is said to have a mental disorder by his ability to endure antisocial behaviors. The narrator in this story displays psychopathic behaviors in several situations. In the beginning of the story narrator says,’ I loved the old man! He had never wronged me! He had never given me insult!’ (Poe 1). The narrator kills the old man without any motive since he claims that the old man has never wronged him and that he loved him. In general society setting, this will be perceived to be an abnormal or psychopathic behavior. Similarly, he went to the old man house everyday for seven days just to shine the old man’s eyes which he claimed were ‘evil eyes’. This further illustrates the narrator Psychopathic nature. Remorseful nature of the character is also displayed in this context. When one is filled with guilt or regret about an act he was involved in, then he is said to be remorseful. At the beginning of the story, the narrator tries to proof his sanity. He tries to exclude himself from madness. This shows how much he regrets his behavior and tries to make the reader understand his position. He even claimed that he loved the old man and he had nothing on him. When the police came to check on the old man, the narrator is able to convince them that the old man was out of the country. However, the guilt and remorse of his act build up and he could barely hold on. He breaks downs and confesses. The situation was so intense that the narrator hallucinates. He claimed that the ringing in his ears were the old man’s heart beats. A character that is easily agitated or alarmed is said to be nervous. When nervous persons are caught in a challenging or difficult situation they become tense and anxious and it may result to the character behaving or acting abnormally. The character in the story is revealed to be a very nervous character. The narrator claims that he was sick. He said that he had a

Assignment Two Option 3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment Two Option 3 - Case Study Example This provides a set of issues and matters that must be examined and critiqued on the basis of Australian law and other Common Law provisions. The issues involve: In order to provide answers to the various issues raised above, there is the need to draw into important statues and Common Law provisions that regulate actions related to the persons involved in the case. This will involve the identification of important elements and features that form the fundamental obligations and requirements of directors in the position of persons involved in the case illustrated above. Companies are formed by various shareholders who come together to pool their resources to raise capital. There is a complete separation of ownership and control in corporate law. Hence, companies are run by people who are nominated and by the shareholders, which is the board of directors. The board of directors are given power by the owners of the business (shareholders) to run a company and they do this by taking decisions and supervising activities in the organisation. The right to use the firms resources gives rise to the agency problem which involves the directors seeking to satisfy their own personal interest ahead of the interest of the company1. This is an issue that can be traced back to the early propositions of Adam Smith that sought to provide major regulatory systems for the control of affairs in corporate entities. This has reflected in the national legal systems which have evolved over the years to include various corporate laws and principles. Conflict of interest has been an issue that was prohibited and restricted by Common Law. In Cook V Deeks3 it was held that directors of a company will have to act in the best interest of the company. And where they subjugated the companys interest in favour of a personal interest of some of the directors, a fraud is committed on the shareholders who stand to

Advertising and Sales Promotions In The Internet Essay Example for Free

Advertising and Sales Promotions In The Internet Essay Marketing has been one of the most significant gainers from the Internet revolution. Internet has been applied by marketers both as a medium as well as a product. Marketing has deployed it for communication of information, distribution of some of its products and for receiving payments from the customers. Internet based marketing plays a vital role in the exchange process. Internet marketing term became popular when computers started getting used in marketing extensively. Earlier, computers were used more for storing, processing and reporting of various marketing related information. But, with the entry of Internet the online data handling possibilities have virtually exploded the use of computer. This application has multiplied the use of computers faster among communities. Internet marketing profitably reinforces the concepts of marketing with the power of internet. It strengthens the existing delivery of marketing outputs and also opens newer avenues of marketing which were not possible to achieve before the arrival of internet. A marketer today can keep track of millions of customers simultaneously, segment them online, offer customized products to individual customers, fix different prices, provide varying contents and styles of information and deliver the products through appropriate modes of distribution to each of these customers. The details of such transactions and the characteristics of each of these customers can be stored for their dynamic utilization in future marketing opportunities with the customers. Estee Lauder’s anti ageing product ‘Advanced Night Repair Concentrate’   is able to make inroads in the customers mind. Internet will function as the medium for promoting the product.   Advertising and Sales Promotions: Like products and prices, customization of advertising and promotion are very much possible in internet marketing. Besides customization, the customer is contacted when he is giving, full attention to the computer screen. In fact, when a customer views any site he has done so after deliberate and conscious effort and choice. This increases his commitment to the message that he is viewing on the internet. Advertising generates a hierarchy of impacts like creation of awareness, interest, desire and action on the consumer. Different media are found to be better suited for certain kinds of impacts out of this hierarchy. Internet has been found to be amenable to finer tuning for most of these impacts. As a result, it is possible to better transport the customer from one level of impact to the next higher one and do so more quickly. The combination of this factor with the feature of individualization makes the output very powerful one. Besides this, the measurement of each of these impacts are also possible more easily and online. The promotions on internet can also be customized in a similar way. The internet marketing model suggests that commerce follows content and community. Since the internet phenomenon has occurred like an explosion there had been quite a rush to build up communities in the competitive environment. In this rush, many of the marketers tried to buy prospective customers into their communities net by offering a variety of incentives. This has caused internet marketing effort to be seen as overloaded with freebies in the form of consumer promotions. Personal Selling: The advantage of mass personal selling is made possible through internet for both customers and the marketers. Anti aging is a consumer product so Estee Lauders can get the maximum benefit by penetrating in this stream. The customers can identify the optimum provider for his unique sets of needs. Customer can also arrange for updating himself in the precise area of his interest although from the most extensive sources of information possible. The marketer can also store the historical data of individual persons and their behavior. These data can be then processed with the help of data mining and marketing decision tools. These data are utilized to provide solutions to the customers needs on an online and individual basis. The product can be configured exacting to the individual customer’s needs at the price and with a payment mechanism most convenient to him. The information and the persuasive appeals can also be tailor made for the individual customer. He can be reminded or provided with additional services as per his specific requests and all these information can be utilized in the design of next round of offering to him. This kind of individual personal service when offered on continuous basis becomes service to the customer of significant commercial value. Publicity:   Internet marketing has the capability of viewing existing customers through a wide variety of angles and compares the efficacy of each of these views. Various data mining tools available today are employed to do this job. They mainly utilize the processes of sorting, clustering and association seeking among the consumer characteristics. The history of the customer behavior in terms of past transactions and internet viewing generate rich data for this purpose of publicity automatically. Such data are often supplemented with the offline data collected through alternative sources. The customer segments created with such methodologies can have the advantage of being more dynamic because they can be created through online databases, more insightful because of the use of more powerful clustering and association seeking techniques and customers themselves selecting into a segment of mass market. On the other hand, the customers become empowered to scan much larger canvas of market and bargain for their purchasing power with a larger base of marketers. The customers can also create a large pool of knowledge by online sharing knowledge of their experience based knowledge among their peer customers. The interactivities gained by both marketers and customers have .the potential of unleashing very high levels of energy in the marketplace restricted only by the creative limits of the market players. Public Relation: The advantage of mass customization is made possible through Internet for both customers and the marketers. The customers can identify the optimum provider for his unique sets of needs. Customer can also arrange for updating himself in the precise area of his interest although from the most extensive sources of information possible. The marketer can also store the historical data of customers and their behavior. These data can be then processed with the help of data mining and marketing decision tools. These data are utilized to provide solutions to the customers needs on an online and individual basis. The product can be configured exacting to the individual customer’s needs at the price and with a payment mechanism most convenient to him. The information and the persuasive appeals can also be tailor made for the individual customer. He can be reminded or provided with additional services as per his specific requests and all these information can be utilized in the design of next round of offering to him. This kind of customization when offered on continuous basis becomes service to the customer of significant commercial value. Placement Of Product: Internet marketing is seen as attacking on the length of the distribution chain particularly the information flow related ones, much more efficiently and instantaneously. As a result it is often possible to reorganize the distribution chain at the cost of its length. The span of control can also increase considerably as many of the control related processes can be transferred to the computer. The saving in costs due to these effects is often considered as the most important contributions of internet marketing. The increased availability of distribution related information also causes information overload to the consumers. A new category of channel members, called infomediaries, have also emerged. These infomediaries primarily consolidate the relevant information about the availability of the products and pass them on to the consumers after suitably repackaging them. Besides pure infomediaries, the existing distributors do also rebundle their services after integrating the online and offline elements of their services. Internet also enables online distribution of digitized products. This helps in extending pinpointed reach to a large number of customers, eliminating the lead time between ordering and delivery, reducing the inventory requirements and smooth organization of transaction related data processing. Conclusion In the era of globalization, with marked technological strides has   revolutionized the exchange process of buying and selling of products on the Internet.   Internet marketing is a worldwide phenomenon.   Internet marketing has made inroads as the emerging mode of buying and selling of products to specific target groups with fast changing needs, preferences and life styles. Estee Lauders has the huge potential of promoting the anti aging product through internet. References Philip Kotler (2002) Marketing Management , Prentice Hall New York Charles F.,(2002) Internet Marketing, Wiley Publication Flippo Edwin B., (2001) Marketing Channels, McGraw-Hill. J Taylor Sims, J. Robert Foster, Arch G. Woodside.(1998) Marketing Channels: Systems and Strategies Harper and Row: New York

Raisin’ in the Sun Essay Example for Free

Raisin’ in the Sun Essay 1. WALTER: â€Å"You wouldn’t understand yet, son, but your daddy’s gonna make a transaction . . . a business transaction that’s going to change our lives. That’s how come one day when you ‘bout seventeen years old I’ll come home . . . I’ll pull the car up on the driveway . . . just a plain black Chrysler, I think, with white walls—no—black tires . . . the gardener will be clipping away at the hedges and he’ll say, â€Å"Good evening, Mr. Younger. † And I’ll say, â€Å"Hello, Jefferson, how are you this evening? † And I’ll go inside and Ruth will come downstairs and meet me at the door and we’ll kiss each other and she’ll take my arm and we’ll go up to your room to see you sitting on the floor with the catalogues of all the great schools in America around you. All the great schools in the world! And—and I’ll say, all right son—it’s your seventeenth birthday, what is it you’ve decided?! † (Act II, scene ii) Walter’s speech is addressed to Travis closing one of the most important scenes in the play and foreshadowing the climax of the novel. Walter is explaining that he is going to invest money choosing his own way instead of agreeing with other family members. Walter was working as a chauffeur to rich people and he had heard about benefits of investing. Walter becomes obsessed with this idea and he is dreaming about wealthy future describing luxurious cars he will have. He is sure that his dreams with inevitable come true and, therefore, he uses ‘will’, not ‘if’ in sentences. His dream is not fully materialistic as he sees chances to improve relations with his wife and Travis will study in the best colleges. In such a way Walter is growing to maturity when he thinks about his family, their provisions etc. 2. WALTER: â€Å" [W]e have decided to move into our house because my father—my father—he earned it for us brick by brick. We don’t want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And that’s all we got to say about that. We don’t want your money†. (Act III) Walter’s words are addressed to Mr. Linder after Walter reveals that liquor store has been stolen. Walter shows first signs of disobedience and disagreement as other family members don’t want to accept Mr. Linder buyout. This quotation shows that Walter has his own ideas, desires and beliefs. Moreover, he is willing to act as independent and self-sufficient personality. Walter shifts his priorities. He has changed as earlier he focused his attention on money only, but now he is taking care of his family. It is possible to say that he has become a man. References Hansberry, Lorraine. (2004). A Raisin’ in the Sun. USA: Vintage.

Training And Career Development In Private Sector Management Essay

Training And Career Development In Private Sector Management Essay The involvement of the private sector to foster the improvement of the workforce can affect the entire economy. The operations of the companies in the formulation and implementation of the training is having its own potential to grow as a strategy. The provided opportunity to the professionals deserves an upgrading approach into their skills and to their careers. Without the appropriate answer in the needs of the employees for training there is a devastating effect on the growth of the business and the countrys economy of Pakistan. Different administrative reforms of the private companies adopted different strategies and adjustments to satisfy the needs. With respect to the core personnel policies, there should be an effective way to enhance the job performance of the employee. The aid of the training and development is one of the major steps that most of the private companies want to keep in their system to achieve the quality of performance. In this report I have presented study on TD at Telenor. The study limit is to understand the existing system and through a survey of employees to know their feedback of the TD system procedure. The study for time and other resources is limited in its scope but is a sound preliminary work for a researcher in this field. CONTENTS Chapter # CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO. 3. 4. 5. 6. INTRODUCTION Scope of the project Problem Statement Research Objectives Introduction of Variables Definition Training methods Training effectiveness Company Profile Introduction HRD functions Literature Review Introduction to T CD Relationship between variables Research Methodology Methods Result analysis Conclusion Recommendations 5 8 12 24 30 43 SCOPE OF STUDY The strength of any organization is its people. If people are attended properly by recognizing their talents, developing their capabilities and utilizing them appropriately, organizations are likely to be dynamic and grow fast. Ultimately the variety of task in any organization has to be accomplished by the people. Some of them have capabilities to do certain tasks better than other tasks, and some of them may not have capabilities to do the task assigned to them. In any case one of the important process goals of any dynamic organization is to assure that its people are capable of doing the variety of tasks associated to their role/position. Development of their capabilities keeps them psychologically vital. This development needs to be monitored in terms of matching it with the organizational requirements. Therefore, any organization; interested in developing the capabilities of its employee should understand the nature of capabilities required to perform different functions as well as dynamics underlying the development of these capabilities in an and organizational context. Thus proper and timely training programs should be conducted in an organization. PROBLEM STATEMENT: What is the impact of training on employees career development? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Objective Examining the impact of training on career development in private organization of Pakistan. The principle objectives are as follows: To understand the training and development activities of the company. To find out the impact on the performance of the individual after training. Report the feedback of the employees of the training activity carried on. To know the training methods used in the organization. To know the reasons for employees training and development. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION OF VARIABLES Training Career Development INTRODUCTION Training is defined as a continuous learning process in which the employees will acquire knowledge, enhance professional skills and improve attitudes and behaviors to excel well on the job. The objectives of the training department to identify the required training needs of an organization and fill the gap with a host of training methods for the welfare of the organization and employees on a whole.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The basic difference between training and development is: Training helps to make the employee of a company to be more effective and efficient in the present role and responsibilities of the job i.e. fulfill short term needs of any company but development helps to improve the overall personality dimensions of an employee to take up any future assignments if any and better equipped to handle any critical situations might occur i.e. fulfill long term needs of any company. Different methods in training employees: There are different training methods like on -the job techniques, off-the-job techniques, role playing, simulation, internship, apprentice ship, lectures, case analysis, laboratory training methods etc.  Ã‚   Effectiveness of trainings The training is effective in all means if it Imparts new skills Inculcates new ideas, knowledge and concepts Is practical oriented Not an information dump Aligns the training needs to fulfill the organizational short and long term goals Conducts the post evaluation to ensure the satisfaction levels to refine the future training needs. The following are the key issues to be addressed for a successful training program: Place (indoor/outdoor) Audio visual aids Relevant training materials Facilities Time schedule Non visual aids Trainer  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of a trainer is to develop a competency and skill sets in an individual to perform his/her effectively and efficiently in the work place. The trainer should communicate to the trainees about what is expected out of training in a simple and professional way. The trainer plays a pivotal role from start to end of the training that includes the following: Training plan Timing of different training sessions Choosing the relevant training methods Preparing the training materials and aids Conducting training sessions and Evaluating the post training session   The following are the steps to be undertaken to make the long training session not boring to the trainees/employees: Give appropriate breaks to refresh Use both audio-visual aids as and when necessary Keep avoiding mono dialogue session; make the session highly interactive Include management games like ice breakers etc. to energize the whole team Introduce different learning principles like showing live industry examples and case study analysis  Ã‚   CHAPTER 3 TELENOR COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION Telenor Pakistan is a Pakistani GSM cellular service provider, and is a subsidiary of Telenor, Norway. It has a subscriber base of 19.98 million as of March 2009.Telenor Pakistan is owned by Telenor ASA and adds on to its operations in Asia together with Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Telenor ASA is an international provider of high quality telecommunications, data and media communication services. It ranks as worlds 7th largest mobile operator with a total of 164 million subscribers in its mobile operations. Telenor Pakistan launched its operations in March 2005 as the single largest direct European investment in Pakistan, setting precedence for further foreign investments in the telecom sector. The company has crossed many milestones and grown in a number of directions, making Telenor Pakistan a leading telecom operator of the country. Telenor is the fastest growing mobile network in the country, with coverage reaching deep into many of the remotest areas of Pakistan. In the mo st difficult terrains of the country, from the hilly northern areas to the sprawling deserts in the south, at times Telenor is the only operator connecting the previously unconnected. Telenor is keeping ahead by investing heavily in infrastructure expansion. With USD 2 billion already invested, Telenor have extended agreements with vendors for network expansion and services until 2009. The agreements, with a potential to result in USD 750 million worth of orders from Telenor Pakistan, are some of the biggest of their kind in the industry. Telenor is spreading across Pakistan, creating 2,500 direct and 25,000-plus indirect employment opportunities. Telenor is a network of 23 company-owned sales and service centers, more than 200 franchisees and some 100,000 retail outlets. VISION AND VALUES Telenor vision is simple: Telenor exists to help customers get the full benefit of communications services in their daily lives. Were here to help. Make it easy. Keep promises. Be inspiring and be respectful. Telenor vision and values define a common approach for all their employees setting out how they do business at Telenor. They provide a fundamental guide for taking care of our customers. Together they set the standard for how Telenor work in order to create sustainable value for our shareholders, customers, employees and partners. Values The values at Telenor are a constant reminder to Employees of how Telenor should serve all our customers around the world. They inspire us to be a driving force in modern communications and customer satisfaction. Values in practice According to an official at Telenor We want to make it easy for our customers to get what they want, when they want it. We will keep promises and do what we say we will do. We will innovate to deliver fresh ideas. And, as an international company, we will respect our customers and their local cultures. TELENOR GROUP STRATEGY The Telenor Group has a strong track record of delivering on ambitious goals. By 2011, we aim to be one of the fastest growing mobile operators in the world, with a strong broadband position in all markets, successfully developing new services and adopting new and responsible business models. The Telenor Group has defined six strategic ambitions which it aims to achieve by 2011. These are: 1. To deliver increased profitable growth The Telenor Group aims to achieve a substantial revenue increase in the years to come. This growth will mainly come from existing businesses. We will seek to increase our core mobile and fixed voice revenues and explore broadband opportunities in our emerging markets. The Telenor Group is also investing in adjacent markets, such as basic financial services and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication worldwide. 2. To strengthen our performance culture across the Group In all our operating companies, we will continue the successful practice of combining a local approach with global expertise. This means that the local management teams will build a unique performance culture based on their own initiatives and in line with the Telenor governance model, Codes of Conduct, vision and values, our people policy and the way we work across borders. In terms of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), our objective is to improve working conditions and environmental management by having clearly defined standards across our operating companies and supply chains. 3. To make responsible business a competitive advantage Corporate responsibility at Telenor will be part of managing risk and linked to our core business. For example, the measures we have taken to fight climate change are motivated both by our commitment to corporate responsibility and by an enlightened view of associated business benefits and opportunities: what is good for the environment is also good for business. Telenor now has clearly defined targets on CO2 emissions from its operations not just to help save our planet, but to save energy and money. Telenor has a strong track record when it comes to sustainable business: it was ranked top performer by the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI) in 2007 and 2008. 4. To provide a superior customer experience   Faced with an increasingly competitive environment, Telenor needs to differentiate itself by providing a superior customer experience. In our vision were here to help and core values (make it easy, keep promises, be inspiring, be respectful),   We put customer experience at the top of the agenda throughout the Telenor Group. One of our ambitions is to reach a situation where end-users brand preference is higher than the Telenor market share for all operating companies. 5. To ensure best practice benchmarking across the Group: Telenor will undertake benchmarking and best practice sharing across the Group. A global objective is to achieve a higher reduction in the average operational cost per minute than the expected decline in average price per minute. The Telenor Group aims to achieve considerable continued growth in operating cash flow from all of its operations. 6. To drive change and constant renewal: To secure a strong industry position, we need to innovate in everything we do. To get the most out of our efforts, we have prioritized five group-wide innovation areas: Broadband outside the Nordic countries. Our long-term ambition is to achieve the same position in broadband (mobile and fixed) as we have in mobile voice today. Connected objects / M2M. The Internet of things. The Telenor Group is working to establish itself as a global player within this rapidly growing and potentially huge market. Financial services. The Telenor Group aims to establish itself as a significant player in parts of the financial services industry in select under-serviced markets, establishing a platform for long-term growth. Partner innovation. The Telenor Group controls many valuable assets that can be further developed together with partners. Partner-driven innovation is a cost-effective way to create many new revenue-generating services. Climate change. Our number one priority is to reduce CO2 emissions. The Telenor Group aims to be part of the climate solution by de-carbonizing business processes and reducing physical travel and transport. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT: Human Resource Department engage to perform a set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the opportunities to learn necessary skills to meet current and future job demands. HRD department in telenor plays very active role. The head office of HRD department is situated in Islamabad however it has its four zonal offices, these are Central I Central II North South Working of HRD department is cross functional, there is great coordination is among the departments of the company. And HRD department play an important role in providing strategic support. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS: The functions of HRD in Telenor is to developing the required skills in employees as by perceiving the future needs and demands of the company as well as the requirement of the competitive environment. The major functions which they have to perform are Training and development (TD) Organization development Career development The new learning and performance wheel Strategic management and HRD The supervisors role in HRD Organizational structure of the HRD function As Telenor is one of the growing company of the country so, it is also facing a lot of challenges in order to make its human resource as its competitive advantages, the major challenges which are being faced by the Human Resource Development department in Telenor are: Increasing workforce diversity Competing in a global economy Eliminating the skills gap The need for lifelong learning Facilitating organizational learning, However in Telenor, the HRD department is doing great job in order to cope with all these challenges, HRD department has developed a complete framework which the management is currently practicing.   TYPES OF TRAINING: There are varieties of training types are available at Telenor which varies from need of the employees as well as the company. Broadly speaking there are two main sources of Training. In House Training: In house training the company offers the training in its different zones by means of seminars, conferences and workshops. In house training which is given on the job is System related training Product related training Technical Training Front End Desk Training Operational wise training These are the most common types of training which company gives to its employees. Outsource training: Outsource training telenor go for the outsourcing when the in house training is not available. The topic cover under outsource training are those which are more general in nature so company by evaluating cost and benefit go for outsourcing. While go for outsourcing, Telenor is using the services of Novatious Institute which holds a good name regarding the training. The common types of training are Moral Building Attitude Building Executives Training. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ITS SUPPORTIVENESS FOR TRAINING: As far as Telenor internal culture is considered the employees are really very satisfied with the Telenors norms and values. It is one of the major reasons that the turn over rate of this organization is very low. By conducting the survey of the sales employees in Telenor, we come to know that 90% of the employees of Telenor took the Training most effective. The major aspects of Telenors culture which supports its objectives are: It owned a flat structure so the communication among employees is very good. Hierarchy of the organization is well managed and there exist no fear between subordinate and boss which give rise to the confidence in employees. There is a vertical communication as well as horizontal communication exists among the employees of Telenor which supports its objectives of being EEO organization. Training is the necessary components for all the employees from CSR (customer services representative) to CEO (chief Executive officer) A FRAMEWORK FOR THE HRD PROCESS HRD department follow a frame work which consists of four major steps, HRD department is primarily responsible for Learning and development of employees. The whole activities of HRD department in Telenor revolve around these steps. 1. Training Need Assessment Phase 2. Training Design Phase 3. Implementation phase 4. Evaluation phase   1- TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT PHASE: Training needs analysis process is a series of activities conducted to identify problems or other issues in the workplace, and to determine whether training is an appropriate response. An analysis of training need is an essential requirement to the design of effective training. The purpose of training need analysis is to determine whether there is a gap between what is required for effective performance and present level of performance. The needs analysis is usually the first step taken to cause a change. This is mainly because a needs analysis specifically defines the gap between the current and the desired individual and organizational performances. In Telenor, the TNA phase has given a primarily importance, it is conducted to determine whether resources required are available or not. It helps to plan the budget of the company, areas where training is required, and also highlights the occasions where training might not be appropriate but requires alternate action. Training Need ari ses at four levels: Training Need Organizational Level Individual Level Operational Level Corporate need and training need are interdependent because the organization performance ultimately depends on the performance of its individual employee and its sub group. Organizational Level In Telenor, Training needs analysis at organizational level focuses on strategic planning, business need, and goals. It starts with the assessment of internal environment of the organization such as, procedures, structures, policies, strengths, and weaknesses and external environment such as opportunities and threats. After doing the SWOT analysis, weaknesses can be dealt with the training interventions, while strengths can further be strengthened with continued training. Threats can be reduced by identifying the areas where training is required. And, opportunities can be exploited by balancing it against costs. For this approach to be successful, the HRD department of Telenor gets involved in strategic planning. In this planning, HR develops strategies to be sure that the employees in the organization have the required Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes (KSAs) based on the future KSAs requirements at each level. Individual Level HRD department of Telenor focuses on each and every individual in the organization. At this level, the HRD department checks whether an employee is performing at desired level or the performance is below expectation. If the difference between the expected performance and actual performance comes out to be positive, then certainly there is a need of training. However, individual competence can also be linked to individual need. The methods which are most commonly used by the HRD department of Telenor to analyze the individual need are: Appraisal and performance review Competency assessments Customer feedback Self-assessment or self-appraisal Operational Level Operational level focuses on the work that is being assigned to the employees. The job analyst at Telenor gathers the information on whether the job is clearly understood by an employee or not. Training officers gathers this information through technical interview, observation, psychological test; questionnaires asking the closed ended as well as open ended questions, etc. Today, jobs are dynamic and keep changing over the time. Employees need to prepare for these changes. The job analyst also gathers information on the tasks needs to be done plus the tasks that will be required in the future. CHAPTER 4 LITERATURE REVIEW Dependent Variable: Career Development Independent Variable: Training LITERATURE REVIEW: To cope with the speedy rate of change or alternations, organizations are more and more challenged with developing significant training programs for its members as a way to compete and succeed in todays unpredictable environment. Pfeiffer (2000) argues that training can be a source of competitive advantage in several industries for firms with the knowledge to use it. Katz (1998) highlights that although large corporations spend over $50 billion on training expenditure, effective employee learning is diminished. Another author Prahalad (2000) also wires employee learning by stating that training should be considered a part of career development for managers that include both the methodical and empirical side of management. Training is defined as the organized acquisition of skills, rules, ideas, or mind-sets that result in improved performance (Goldstein, 1993); now part of organizational learning and change, employee evaluation, and career development is training (White and Mackenzie-Davey, 2003). At another place training is defined by (Campbell, Dunnette, Lawler, Weick, 1970) as a planned learning practices designed to bring about unending change in an individuals information, attitudes, or abilities. Employee training has turn into more rampant today than 15 years ago, many companies conduct training simply for appearance sake (Hughey and Mussnug, 1997), instead of focusing on adult learning and growth (Wills, 1994; Hollenback and Ingols, 1990; Humphrey, 1990); Kolbs (1984) experimental learning (Whetten and Clark, 1996); and cognitive aptitude (Carter, 2002). Training and organization development activities are receiving increased consideration in the industrial and academic communities at present. According to Huber, organizations spend upwards of $30 billion dollars yearly for training plans involving 15 billion work hours (Huber, 1985). The German apprenticeship system has turn into the focus of much recent writing, studying the financing of such training (Soskice 1994; Oulton and Steedman 1994; Harhoff and Kane 1997; Acemoglu and Pischke 1998). This literature concludes, contrary to the forecasts of Becker (1964), that firms pay a share of the training expenditure of apprentices, even though the qualifications of apprentices are largely broad skills. The bottom line for most training plans is effectiveness; less concentration has been allocated to studying why training programs are effective for some individuals and fruitless for others. Training effectiveness typically is determined by evaluating some combination of the criteria presented in Kirkpatricks (1967) hierarchical model of training outcomes. This hierarchy is made up of four levels of training outcomes: (a) Trainees reactions to the program content and training procedure (reaction); (b) Knowledge or skill attainment (learning); (c) Behavior change (behavior); and (d) Development in tangible individual or organizational outcomes such as turn-over, accidents, or productivity (results). Each stage of the hierarchy is exaggerated by each training result. Trainees satisfaction with the program is believed to have a main impact on learning, the content of the training program must be mastered to some degree for enhancements in on-the-job behavior, and behavior change is important for constructive changes in results such as quality or quantity of production. The overall economy is affected by the organizations choice whether or not to train its workers, even if the firm does not factor the economy into its choice. If all firms within an industry not succeed to train their workers, the whole economy suffers. Hence, training workers is a type of public good, a category that encompasses a broad range of social dilemmas. Employees face a similar dilemma in their choice of how much to contribute to the overall productivity of the organization. If employees receive a share of the profits regardless of their contribution, some may decide to free ride on the efforts of their fellow workers. If all employees decide to do so, the company will fail. The two dilemmas on the employee and organizational levels are closely interconnected. On one side, the benefits of training accumulate only to the extent that employees contribute to the organization. Thus, a firm should take into relation how it expects a training program to affect employee effort as well as employee turnover. On the other side, trained workers produce at higher rates, which in turn may affect how much they contribute and how often they migrate to other firms in comparison with untrained workers. Another way of training your employees in the organization is the mentorship like apprenticeship on which literature suggests that mentoring enhances work effectiveness (Kram, 1985) and job success (Roche, 1979; Stumpf and London, 1981; Hunt and Michael, 1983; Fagenson, 1989). It has also been suggested that training have an important influence on promotion decisions (Stumpf and London, 1981; Hunt and Michael, 1983). Kram (1985) presented an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms through which mentoring affects careers and identified two dimensions of these developmental relationships: Vocational (career coaching) and psycho-social (social support). Career success of managers has generally been defined in terms of performance and the popular symbols of success: Money and position (Hall, 1976; Feldman, 1989). Exploratory Behavior. Hall (1976) defined a career as the individuals perceived sequence of attitudes and behaviors associated with work-related experiences and activities over the span of the persons life Super and his associates theory of adult career development defines four work-relevant life stages: exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline (Super, 1957; Super, Crites, Hummel, Moser, Overstreet, Warnath, 1957). Jordaan (1963) emphasized exploratory behavior as a key determinant of occupational success and satisfaction. Exploratory behavior refers to mental or physical activities undertaken with the purpose of eliciting information about oneself or ones environment, or forming decisions regarding occupational adjustment, progression, or choice. Exploratory behavior includes self-assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of skills, career values, interests, goals, or plans, as well as the search for job-related information from family, friends, counselors, and other career information outlets (Mihal, Sorce, Compte, 1984; Stumpf, Colarelli, Hartman, 1983). Additionally, the extent to which individuals engage in career planning, a type of exploratory behavior, is related to the likelihood of participation in self-development activities, salary level, and advancement (Gould, 1979; Super Hall, 1978). Goulds (1979) Career planning scale assesses the extent to which career plans exist, how frequently career plans are changed, how clear career plans are, and whether or not a strategy exists for achieving career goals. The relationship between exploratory behavior and training effectiveness is unknown. One possible hypothesis is that trainees who frequently engage in cognitive or environmental search activities are likely to have a better under-standing of their strengths, weaknesses, and interests. This results in a high level of motivation to learn in training programs which are congruent with their career goals. These individuals are likely highly motivated to learn because of the self-realization of skill weaknesses resulting from their investments and interests in career growth and progression as evidenced by the frequency and intensity of exploratory type be-saviors. Career workshops provided by the organization may provide employees with a clearer picture regarding career paths and the prerequisite-site skills for horizontal and vertical movement throughout the organization. So training is the significant part for the career development in any organization. CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY To conduct any research a scientific method must be followed. The universe of study is very large in which it is difficult to collect information from all the employees. So, the sampling method has been followed for the study. The analysis is based on primary as well as secondary data. Research Area : Telenor Islamabad Sample size : 35 Data collection Primary data : The data was collected using an appropriate questionnaire And observing employees at Telenor office. Secondary data : Internet, books Method of analysis : SPSS (Pie charts, bar graphs, frequencies, mean std. deviation) Results Statistics training C.D N

History of Counseling Essay -- Psychology, The New and Old Testaments

It is said that in order to know where you are going, it is important to know where you have been. This adage applies to many facets of life but also to the profession of counseling. In order to gain insight into the future of the profession, this author seeks to uncover the past that has shaped the current landscape. In doing so, the hope is to preserve what may be preserved, correct those mistakes of the past and forge new paths that will lead to wholeness and health. History and Timeline In deciphering the history of Psychology, one can subscribe to two seperate schools of thought. The first is that of the secular worldview that gives credence only to those things of this world. The focus here is on the scientific discoveries of various men throughout the ages. The second comes from a Biblical worldview that recognizes the true nature of soul care as an outward manifestation of God's grace and mercy to His broken people. This author will construct a timeline that attempts to integrate the two views and represent the split as well as the divine way that they have been brought back together with a bright future for integration. Counseling has been a part of history from the origin of man. The Old and New Testament have countless references to prophets, apostles and preachers who offered help and consolation to those in need of care. The apostle Paul clearly spoke of our ability to aid others when he said, â€Å"I myself am convinced, my brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness, complete in knowledge and competent to instruct (counsel) one another" (Romans 15:14, NIV) We were created to work in harmony with one another, offering aid to those who are afflicted in any way we can. This form of â€Å"counseling† relies... ... integrate each discipline into one cohesive recognition of truth. According to this source, all counselors exist somewhere within these bounds. When we think about creating a model of therapy that will serve God, our ethical responsibilities, our moral imperatives and our clients, integration and careful analysis of each model that has preceded are of tantamount importance. We must glean those concepts and techniques from each theory that allow us to function within the Allies camp, the most advantageous category of integration.(Entwistle, 2010) In order to do this, we parse each model into five pieces. These are: Philosophical Assumptions, Model of Personality, Model of Abnormality and Health, Model of Psychotherapy and Demonstrated Effectiveness.(Jones & Butman, 1991) In this way, we can consider the victories of the past and leave behind the mistakes.

Unbroken :: essays research papers

Unbroken I wouldn't know how to describe a painting or a sonata, but I can tell someone how I feel, though they rarely know what I mean. Words fail me often, but nobody notices. They aren't listening anyway. One person knows me. When I talk to him I feel like a knife in a drawer, because my words have power. The possible damage would be irreparable. He and I are like a house falling apart. Our sidewalk is askew and our mailbox is missing. It is painted pink and yellow. We love it, it's unique. Last night I stomped my feet through the floorboards because I wanted to feel my toes in the earth. I pushed my hands through the ceiling and kicked down the walls. I know he wonders why I do things like that. I just wanted to let some air in. I said, "Look hon, now we can see the stars." He brushed off the debris and put me to bed. He won't sleep tonight. His thoughts stay up with the moon trying to exercise the demons in his mind. Too intelligent, too spiritual for his own peace. A shaman, unstuck in time. A stroke of genius and a slap in the face of this world. Always restless, searching for answers. Impulsive and inspired, writing down his thoughts. Funny stories about Elvis and his followers, the Elvi, or dirty poetry. Painting his visions on sheets that hang from the eaves or painting me with psychedelic designs. It doesn't matter which. All of it makes me want him more. Some things I say to him are like sour notes played too often. I'm out of tune. He always sings along. Our waltz is better than most, I suppose. We know the steps by heart. The world moves quickly around us and our quiet drunken pace, but we don't care. Our minds move quickly despite this world's petty distractions. It's us and them, and we're the only two sane people left. He makes me nervous, still. His dreams are bigger than both of us. When we speak the words fall from my lips. They aren't enough to explain who I want to be. I am so flawed. He says, "Sometimes people have imperfections that are worth living with. You're a little eccentric. It's part of your charm." This man knows me, and loves me anyway. He is crazier than I am. Eight years might as well be a thousand where we're concerned. History has roots that go deep. They go to the center of the earth and back and wrap

Current State Laws on Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Current State Laws on Human Cloning California Cal. Health & Safety Code,  §Ã‚ §24185 to 24189. Bans efforts to create a human being by utilizing somatic cell nuclear transfer "for the purpose of, or to implant, the resulting product to initiate a pregnancy that could result in the birth of a human being." Ban is to expire January 1, 2003 unless extended by legislature. Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 40  §Ã‚ §1299.36 to 1299.36.6. Forbids any person to "clone or attempt to clone a human being," and forbids a health facility or agency to "allow any individual to clone or attempt to clone a human being in a facility owned or operated by the health facility or agency." "Clone" is defined as in California law, to involve an intent to initiate a pregnancy. However, a separate state law prohibits intentionally destroying a viable fertilized ovum, and requires that "[n]o in vitro fertilized human ovum will be farmed or cultured solely for research purposes or any other purposes." La. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 9,  §Ã‚ § 129, 122. Whether this prohibits use of cloned embryos for research depends on how courts will interpret the phrase "fertilized human ovum." Michigan Mich. Comp. Laws  §Ã‚ §333.16274, 333.16275, 750.430a. Forbids any individual to "engage in or attempt to engage in human cloning," applying civil penalties (up to a $10 million fine) and criminal penalties ($10 million fine and up to ten years in prison). "Human cloning" means "the use of human somatic cell nuclear transfer technology to produce a human embryo."  §333.16274(5). This law clearly forbids creating a cloned human embryo for any purpose, including research. A separate state law also forbids using a live human embryo "for nontherapeutic research if... the research substantially jeopardizes the life or health of the embryo..." Performing such research is a felony.  §Ã‚ §333.2685 (1), 333.2691. Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws  §23-16.4-2 to 23-16.4-4. Bans use of somatic cell nuclear transfer "for the purpose of initiating or attempting to initiate a human pregnancy," as well as the creation of "genetically identical human beings" by "dividing a blastocyst, zygote, or embryo." The law seems to ban cloning by nuclear transfer only if done to initiate a pregnancy. However, a separate law prohibits the use of "any live human fetus, whether before or after expulsion from its mother's womb, for scientific, laboratory research, or other kind of experimentation.

Mobile Phone Addiction

Those who remain fear the loss of mobile phones, or the presence of outside the coverage of the network, and thus the inability to communicate or receive communications .. It is a concern to hit the world and destroyed the ability of people to develop solutions to what the phone is forced suffering .. ..With a little thought, there are people who feel and enjoy the latest devices and smart phones .. To enjoy the modern programs in addition to the many features provided by these devices .. It is normal when a person uses his mobile phone to make calls or talk to friends and relatives from time to time .. Or Download game compete with friends .. But what if the transformation of the use of smart phone to addiction? .. See what the problems that can be caused by this addiction to the owner? .. So warned surveys and studies on the smartphone from the increasing signs of addiction, and concluded studies to That people stare at the phones screens For approximately 3 hours a day or more, in addition to the time spent in making calls. .. It was noted that psychiatrists, are those who initiated to consider the fight against the problem – phenomenon, in order to recognize that addiction to smart phones, psychological disorder. Experts warn that the use of new technologies at an early age may compound the risk of addiction, isolation and school failure. Where the smartphone is no longer a means to communicate with others only, but the smartphone is used to finish and follow the work of private and is used in the study and entertainment of the self through the games or watching movies and hear songs and networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and other programs, â€Å"People are checking their mobile phones at 34 times a day, and there are five, 81 and eighty-one percent of people who keep their phones near them, and 63 percent are checking their phones even while they sleep. People who are afraid of losing a mobile phone or being out of network coverage and therefore unable to communicate or receive communication suffer from the disease of sleepophobia. Monophobia can be monitored through a range of behaviors, for example, that a person checks his or her mobile phone more than 30 times a day , Or simply feel that it is impossible for him to give up his phone and live without him. Experts have found that smart phone addicts have become so many around the world that if they are removed from their phones they feel nervous and angry and can do things beyond their control. The use of the smartphone also leads to poor cognitive skills, especially among students. Surveys showed that the degree of addiction to the smartphone is increasing among young people, where one in every five young people check his phone once every few minutes, and drew attention to all this. For phones comes at the expense of neglecting the world around us, causing increased anxiety, tension and distraction. Stressing that each user to evaluate the fact that attached to his smartphone, and begin to get rid of this attachment step by step. Radio France International highlighted in a report published on its website the phenomenon of â€Å"addiction† of the inhabitants of the earth to the use of mobile phone. A study by the High Tech Web site showed that around 1.5 billion people around the world have mobile phones, while the study revealed that if this upward development revolutionized communications worldwide, it certainly had a significant impact on behaviors Individuals in the community. The study found that the use of intelligent mobile phones with the Internet causes â€Å"addiction† to this technology, and this situation is widespread and widely, among the 8.6 billion people of the earth, 1.5 billion people have mobile phones. But far from the figures and comparisons, the widespread use of mobile phones, especially smart phones, has led to a radical change in societal behavior. According to the study, 60% of mobile phone users sleep with their hands in their hands, and 15% of them may stop their entertainment and chat conversations just to answer the mobile phone. Many researchers have pointed out that there is a threat to the Earth's population from these mobile phones, that is, the addiction to this technology is already the same as when playing a game of video games continuously can be considered a form of addiction. Is addiction to smart phones a disease In Singapore, as in many other countries, doctors are struggling to recognize smart phone addiction as a form of psychological disorder. If you are difficult to break away from your smartphone or from people who seek it for no particular reason, you may be threatened with an addiction that may require the help of a psychiatrist. Singapore and Hong Kong broke regional records on the number of smart phone users, according to the latest report by the Nelson Office of Studies. According to Experience, 87 percent of Singapore's 5.4 million people have multi-function phones, compared to 65 percent in the United States.

Food has become easier to prepare Essay

We subsist in century when e very(prenominal)body has deviceThe m is Gold.We eer work,rush and check finical life.So thats why the fast aliment is the best choise for men,who dont compliments to waste their quantify with waiting for preparing something to eat.And it attention that kind of bulk who eats for living,not lives for earnWe can find fast solid fare in some caffe,restaurants or in other such kind of places,where people heat just for satisfaction feelings of ache as strong as possible.Altought at that place are a lot of packed and freezed food in markets which are bought for quick preparation by people who always come nursing home very new-fangled and tired,after hard day. But as we every(prenominal) know fast food has negativities too.First of all(prenominal) ,this is a pan food and if we get our attention on it from medical side,we pull up stakes notice that it is very uselessly and detrimentally for health.Because junk food contain conservators,art ificial additionals and a lot of other chemical structures,what pulverise our organism.We are enough informed active it,but as always we choose easygoing way for solving problems,even if it concern our health. I would like to say about me as example for this topic .I am a student.I have full schedule.From too soon morning till the evening I have to be outside.I dont have chance to go home for eating because I live very far from my university.I am trying to have breakfast and supper at home,but in time for dinner dont have other way as eating fast food with friends in caffe or in university canteen.So I agree with opinion,that this budge has improved the way people live. In conclusion I would add something for this sheer in form of advice to peoplelets use fast food only of necessity.Dont prefer junk food to fresh home-made meal,for beeing strong and healthy,for having zilch to work and to go on

Chocolate Research Paper

WOMEN STUDIES ECO-FOOTPRINT PROJECT Topic deep brown Beans Production Process umber is a mainstay ingredient in m either foods such as milk shakes, butt jointdy bars, cookies and cereals. It is ranked as sensation of the most favourite flavours in North the States and Europe. patronage its popularity most people do non know the unique origin of this popular treat. Chocolate is a product that requires complex procedures to produce. The military service involves draw-festival burnt umber, refining coca to hot chocolate beans, and shipping the deep brown beans to the manufacturing factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding.These chocolate beans depart and and so be imported or exported to opposite countries and be transformed into varied types of chocolate products. Cocoa beans induce in countries like Cote dIvoire, Ghana, Ind 1sia, Brazil, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Malaysia, but the highest cocoa producing state is Cote dIvoire. The merchandise process of cocoa b eans include first, cocoa is harvested manu anyy. The seed pods of cocoa argon collected and the beans be selected and placed in piles. These cocoa beans ar then ready to be shipped to the manufacturer for production.Cocoa grows in pods that germinate off the t huntks and branches of cocoa trees. The pods put up the class and almost the size of football. The pods start out thou and turn orange when they are undecomposed. When the pods are ripe they are harvested gently with machetes. Machines can damage the trees or the clusters of flowers and pods that grow on the trunk, so lenders throw away to harvest the pods by hand, using short, hooked blades mounted on long poles to reach the highest fruit. The cocoa seeds then permit a process of fermentation by placing them in magnanimous, shallow, heated trays or by c all overing them with large banana leaves.If the climate is castigate, they whitethorn be only heated by the lie. Workers mostly women come along periodically and stir them up so that all of the beans come out equally fermented. This process may take up to five or eight-spot days. After fermentation, the cocoa seeds are dried in front they can be scooped into sacks and shipped to chocolate manufacturers. Farmers simply go around the fermented seeds on trays and leave them in the sun to dry. The drying process usually takes almost a week and results in seeds becoming reduced to near half of their original weight.During the production process, labor is not equally dual-lane between men and women who course in the planation this brings us to the issue of gender division. The gender divide that exists on the cocoa plantation is that most farm work is conducted by men, although most certainly thither are tasks where women are real active, such as scooping the beans from the already opened husks, turning the beans during the fermentation and drying process, and sewing the jute sacs infallible for the packaging of the dried beans. Wom en in the farms normally execute to the needs of the family.When female labor is hired during the harvest-home time the wages given to them are not the same as those for men. Perhaps another reason out why men are preferred is because of their untrue higher productivity rate compared to that of women. repayable to variant practices followed in individual regions, even within countries, the enfolding of women and their assigned tasks vary enormously. For instance, because of the popular method of sun drying cocoa beans in Ecuador, it is necessary to clean the beans. This argumentation is mostly beneathtaken by women.This is not the case in Ghana or Brazil where sun drying is realized while protecting the beans from foreign matters and waste. It is interesting to air however that there is no specific approach pattern for the assignment of tasks to women, except during the harvest when the scooping of the beans from the opened pods is principally performed by women in most cocoa producing countries. disposed(p) the great differences in the systems of production in producing countries it is backbreaking to contract a common percentage that reflects the number participation of the female work force.It is worth mentioning that impertinent the coffee rustic empyrean, there are no associations or specific groups that house women only composite in the cocoa sector at any level, although all associations and cooperatives are open to all who qualify. Due to fluctuation of cocoa prices in the world market, farmers have no long-term security, and in some situations, they do not have enough bullion to realize their realm traffic.Cocoa farmers are always faced with financial hardship they are not able to depart for their families as they would want nor have enough funds to start up their own farming business because they only receive a fraction of the reward from the selling of the beans on the world market and there are many an(prenominal) peopl e in the business chain. Cocoa farmers around the world face many challenges. It is estimated that about one-third of global cocoa crops are destroyed by pests and diseases every year. Many cocoa farmers have limited advance to the latest agricultural technologies or methods of cultivation and hardly a(prenominal) of them ave business backgrounds to help them effectively market their products and manage their operations. Many of the farming communities live in poverty and are infect with diseases. Industry groups, politicss and consumers worldwide have raised concerns about the use of pesticides and electric razor labor on westward African cocoa farms. An interview conducted by Christophe Koffi showed that one major problem that women in cocoa production encounter is the lack the of financial capability or backing due to the fact that most of these women find themselves in a male predominate occupation.It is very difficult for them to secure financial aid or loans to manage their farms. For instance, Women cannot inherit or even create a cocoa plantation under our patriarch-dominated tradition, utter Vanie, criticising what she called a backwards and misogynist practice (Koffi, 2008) because we thus far live in a patriarchal dominated society where women do not have the right to own lands and properties. This paper elevate talks about the sustanability in the production process of cocoa.We will be looking at Lindt& Sprunglis which is a family caller-out and a major producer of chocolate and other cocoa products with a headquaters in Kilchberg, Switzerland. Lindt & Sprungli is one of the few chocolate makers that have complete control over every step of the production chain offset with the precise selection of the finest cocoa varieties from the best accomplishmentation areas in the world right on done the business organisationful and expert processing until ending with the urbane packaging.Lindt gets its cocoa beans mostly from Ghana and Cen tral and federation America. Lindt has been very conservative in the amount of slide fastener its invests in the chocolate production process. Each alert and future facility and investment undergoes very circumstantial analysis to determine how much nil can be saved. Through better insulation and life force recovery, Lindt & Sprungli was able to cut down on zip fastener consumption by more than 13% per ton produced between 2004 and 2010.The company intends to continue reducing the energy consumption rate per ton produced by an honest over the coming years. According to the Lindt publication, The companys efforts since 1999, Lindt & Sprunglis Swiss subsidiary, Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprungli (Schweiz) AG, has been an active member of the Lake Zurich muscle Model GroupThe Swiss government and strong-minded engineers have audited the progress and as a result, the Swiss subsidiary has been granted the official certificate. Kilchberg, 2012) Since 2007, Lindt & Sprungli unde r urine conservation has been participating in the Carbon divine revelation Project (CDP)Since then, the measurements of water emissions and energy consumption have been largely based on the concept of the methodological analysis Fossil Fuels set out in the CDP protocolWaste water, Lindt & Sprungli continuously monitors and analyses the use of water and the return of wastewater in the production process and intends to further reduce the use of fresh water in this process, which, in turn will impact the output of wastewater (Kilchberg, 2012) The major people that benefit from cocoa production are mostly the giant corporations. The corporations exploit cocoa farmers in the sense that they do not pay them the true worth of their trade union movement. Women who work on the farms are underpaid and marginalized. There is also the issue of shaver labor where children of school button age are forced to work on the farms instead of going to school thereby denying them the right to ed ucation. The big corporations are not forth coming in cathartic information as to how and where they get their cocoa beans from.Most of these African countries where these big corporations get their raw materials from do not have access to good roads, health care facilities, schools, electricity, and there is poverty in most of the communities. These big corporations buy the cocoa beans at a very garish rate and then import them to the westward society and the refined product is processed into different kinds of chocolates (e. g. chocolate drink, chocolate bars of different shapes and sizes and chocolate candies etc. ) which are sold consumers at usurious prices considering the price at which the cocoa beans are bought from the cocoa farmers. This explains how capitalism and big corporation exploit cheap labour. Almost everyone enjoys a bit of chocolate every now and again. But if you take a ambient look at how cocoa is produced, it may tumesce leave a bitter taste in your mou th.The conditions under which the cocoa farmers in many producer countries live and work are worrying Despite the fact that cocoa is usually their main offset of income, the families struggle to make a living from it. shaver labour is not uncommon. As consumers we can work with NGOs to find means of helping the farmers to adapt to unseasoned systems of cocoa farming that result higher yields, under socially more acceptable and environmentally affable conditions, to meet market demands and hence ensure a stable flow income. As a major part of the global cocoa industry which has remained passive and invisible for so long, consumers of chocolate can expose that they want slavery in the cocoa sector stamped out, and your pressure can highlight their lack of trueness and make them more accountable.Finally all cocoa products, including chocolate, run the risk of being tainted by child labour and slavery. To achieve a satisfactory bar of ethical production in chocolate consumers e ssential help to ensure that companies commit to credible and competent actions against such things as use of child labour and the exploitation of cocoa farmers and not make rancid and unsustainable promises to consumers of being slavery- free. The consumers can liaise with government bodies and NGOs to negotiate fair prices for the purchase of cocoa products and this will in turn help the farmers to gain access to basic social amenities of life. Reference paginate genus Sagittarius, D. (2012).ADMs commitment to sustainable cocoa. Milwaukee Copyright 2012 Archer Daniels Midland Company . Clarkson, T. (1998). Anti-slavery. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from www. antislavery. org http//www. antislavery. org/english/privacy_policy. aspx Kilchberg. (2012, April 22). The environment in the Production Process. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from www. Lindt. com http//www. lindt. com/swf/eng/company/social-responsibility/lindts-sustainable-cocoa-supply-chain/ Koffi, C. (2008, November 7). Ivory Coast women contain taboos. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from iol News http//www. iol. co. za/news/africa/ivory-coast-women-defy-taboos-1. 423405