The Pluralists View on Media Ownership Essay example

The Pluralists View on Media Ownership The majority of the pluralists would argue that the public have the power to resist the media and have the ability to use the media and have an input (air their views) rather than be controlled by the media. They also believe that we can affect the media because we live in a democracy thus enabling us to choose whether we decide to read a paper or watch the BBC news and therefore have a minority influence. To some extent pluralists believe that the media responds to public demand rather than the public responding to media demands [by this I mean if the public want to know about a certain story then the media is likely to provide a story, however it can be†¦show more content†¦With pluralists believing in a democracy they believe that anyone can change what they want and if linked to the media, the public can air their views whenever they want to. However through another theory Marxism it can be argued that even if someone from the working class can express their view, the re will always be someone higher up than that person (bourgeoisies) who will have more power, control and influence on what is expressed in the media. Without a great deal of cash its also harder for proletariats to sustain an opinion in the media without having the wealth the bourgeoisies possess. Supporting the claim from Post-modernists that the media is in fact not controlled by bourgeoisies or anyone is that the media can be titled as free in which the majority of views can be expressed before any real censorship is concluded and the only censorship that can be used is if the media owner decides that the story or view is unsuitable to broadcast. However this view can cross over with the post-modernists view on anything goes. Comparing both Marxism and post modernism one can argue that with the majority of views being aired nowadays [e.g. Robert Kilroy Silks article on terrorism] anyone can put across a view yet the higher up you are in the hierarchy the more likely your view can be expressed due to one possessing more power to manipulate and control the media. Another factorShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diversity and Society and Diversity in the Meda789 Words   |  4 Pagesand Society and Diversity in the Meda The media is an integral part of modern day society, our lives can be shaped by it, and our views can be a product of the medias influence. Society is greatly diverse in terms of views, class and ethnicity, this diversity is reflected in the media. Pluralism is a sociological theory that acknowledges media diversity. Pluralists believe that the media offers a wide range of views to cater for various groups in society, and itRead MoreThe Effect of Shared Culture of Journalists on the Selection and Presentation of News737 Words   |  3 Pagesthrough a selective process which is controlled by media professionals such as journalists correspondents and editors. Agenda setting, a theory created by Stephen Lukes, sees how journalistrs select news that is projected through the media. Agenda setting also sees bias in the media, which is most commenly dominated in the political broadcasts. The Glasgowuniversity media group agree with the use of agenda setting in the media and use it in their research. When looking atRead MoreMedia Studies1668 Words   |  7 PagesSLLS1005 Essay 1: Course: Introduction to Media Studies (Media and Society) SLLS1005 Word Count: Two opposing views on the role of media in society have thus far dominated media studies: the Marxist and liberal-pluralist perspectives. 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His analyses is based on Lukes three-dimensional understanding of power from his book Power: A Radical View. Gaventa applies the three notions of power to the politics of inequalities in the Appalachian Valley and, while demonstrating the inadequacies of the first or pluralist approach and the merits of the second and particularly the third dimensions, asserts that the interrelationship and reinforcing affect of all three dimensions isRead MoreAlevels Sociology3511 Words   |  15 Pagespre-programmed into them, but after living alongside the animals for a period of time they are socialised to ignore these emotions. The case study above is part of a wider debate known as the ‘nature vs. nurture’ debate. This discussion has two opposing views, with sociologists on one hand and socio-biologists and biologists on the other. Genetics plays a large part in this argument. 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Customer Expectations And Perceptions Of Service Quality...

INTERNAL RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Name of the student: Enrollment No. : Course: Batch: Shift: Section Subject: Subject code: Topic of assignment: Subject Teacher’s name: Q3 Contemplate your own recent experiences as a service consumer. On which dimensions of service quality have you most often experienced a large gap between your expectations and your perceptions of the service performance? What do you think the underlying causes might be? What steps should management take to improve quality? The study Banking services: Customer expectations and perceptions attempts to analyze the gulf in service quality of public and private sector banks in terms of customers expectations and perceptions. The study has been carried out at both aggregate and disaggregates levels in order to explore and map the differences. The study also traces the factors affecting customer expectations and perceptions in regard to the service quality of banks. The primary data were collected with the help of a standardized questionnaire of service quality of Parasuraman which was administered to a convenience sample of 400 respondents accessing banking services in Gwalior, a city in Madhya Pradesh, a state in India. The data collected were analyzed with the statistical tools of Factor Analysis and z- test. The study revealed that, at the aggregate level, there was a statisticallyShow MoreRelatedReport On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Report on Service Quality of Remington Hotel Introduction The concept of quality holds a central place in the hotel industry where servicing is the main part of the business. Lewis and Booms (1983) commented that service quality is â€Å"a measure of how well the service match with the customer expectations† on a consistent basis. Parasuraman et al (1985, p. 42) stated, â€Å"Quality is an elusive and indistinct construct† Quality is comparison between expectation and performance. Parasuraman et al (1988)Read MoreServices1390 Words   |  6 PagesModel of Service Quality 2 2-2 Variations of the Gaps Model Five Service Quality Gaps Variations of the Gaps Model Six Service Quality Gaps Variations of the Gaps Model 13 Service Quality Gaps (Gaps Model gone wild) Chapter Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service Quality ï‚ § The Customer Gap ï‚ § (Sometimes referred to as Gap 5) 2 ï‚ § The Provider Gaps: ï‚ § Gap 1 – The Listening Gap ï‚ § not knowing what customers expect ï‚ § Gap 2 – The Service Design andRead MoreStudent Expectations Of Service Quality1245 Words   |  5 PagesStudent’ expectations of service quality in the university hostel Data was analyzed by quantifying respondents’ responses of their levels of agreement with the statements that were used to evaluate students’ expectations of service quality at university hostels and perceptions of service quality at dining rooms. 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Since the establishmentRead MoreMoments of Truth1535 Words   |  7 Pagesa CEO 9 Moments of Truth Customer Moment of Truth (MOT) can be defined as â€Å"In customer service, instance of contact or interaction between a customer and a firm (through a product, sales force, or visit) that gives the customer an opportunity to form (or change) an impression about the firm. Managing reputations and managing problems are especially important for service organizations. Services sell intangibles, through expectations and promises of what is to come. A critical momentRead MoreManaging Customer Perceptions of the Business Environment for Competitive Advantage1743 Words   |  7 Pages Managing customer perceptions of the business environment for competitive advantage By: Toni Hilton, PhD Westminster Business School, UK and Warwick Jones, PhD University of the West of England, UK Journal of Customer Behavior, 2010, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 265-281 Article Summary Per Bendapudi and Berry, the environmental influences consumer behavior but does not influence consumers’ trust. Organizations have to research extent of how their marketing environment creates customers’ perceived behaviorRead MoreArithmetic Mean and Excellent Banks1484 Words   |  6 PagesMeasuring Service Quality Using SERVQUAL Introduction Measuring the quality of a service can be a very difficult exercise. Unlike product where there are specific specifications such as length, depth, width, weight, colour etc. a service can have numerous intangible or qualitative specifications. In addition there is there expectation of the customer with regards the service, which can vary considerably based on a range of factors such as prior experience, personal needs and what other peopleRead MoreMaximizing Customer Satisfaction1199 Words   |  5 PagesService quality, in terms of customers’ perception, arises from a comparison of what customers expect that companies should offer with the companies’ service performance they perceive (Parasuraman et al, 1988). In order to maximise customer satisfaction, companies need to know what service components are important in customers’ perception and try to deliver good service quality with suitable proportions of those components. 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In addition, higher profit will be earned by the banks if they can position themselves better than the competitors within a specific market (Davis at al. 1995) Therefore, banks should focus on service quality as a core competitive strategyRead MoreFood and Beverage Service Standard1469 Words   |  6 PagesRICHARD HUNTER 16/08/12 | [BBHM102: Food and Beverage Service Standards] | Assessment 1: Service Quality Standards | Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Body: 4 Conclusion 6 REFERENCES: 7 Executive Summary The report’s aim is designed to examine the five fundamental concepts of food and beverage service quality standards for a commercial hospitality operation and hence recommendations can be review to enhance the service’s quality in providing and delivering guest’s experience. The research

Necessity of Development Assessment †Free Sample Assignment

Question: Why is developmental assessment essential in the provision of primary care for infants, children, and adolescents, and what are the essential components of this assessment on the basis of a child's age? Which tools will you use to assess specific components of development (such as speech, motor skills, social skills, etc.)? Which tools do you think are the most accurate in assessing the developmental components and why? Which components would you consider in assessing the basic biological functioning and well-being of your pediatric patients? Why are these components important in providing primary health-care services to children? Answer: Necessity of developmental assessment in the provision of primary care for infants, children, and adolescents, and the essential components of this assessment on the basis of a child's age Developmental assessment is the method of identifying a childs performance in comparison to children of similar age. Developmental delays are common in childhood, and they are the markers for health conditions like intellectual abilities, autism, vision impairment and hearing impairment, cerebral palsy, speech disorders. All children do not grow up in a similar manner and major differences lie between children in term of developmental milestones. The developmental changes occurring in the child is the indicator of the mental and physical health of a child. The primary care of children, infants and adolescents must, therefore, be according to the developmental assessment of the child. Depending on the developmental stage of the child, the care plan must be implemented for delivering primary care (David Weinstein, 2013). The essential components of the developmental assessment n the basis of the age of the child are as follows- Physical developmental assessment- Growth and health Status, Sensory development Motor development assessment- Fine motor development and Gross motor development Cognitive development assessment Language and communication development assessment Social and emotional development assessment including mental health (Bornstein Bradley, 2014) Tools used to assess specific components of development and the tools that are the most accurate in assessing the developmental components Several screening tools are designed that help in the identification of developmental delays. Screening tools can be used for specific areas like, cognitive development, language, and gross motor skills. The following are some of the tools that are used for assessment of development: Tool Focus area AIMS - Alberta Infant Motor Scale Motor development ASQ - Ages and Stages Questionnaire Communication development Gross motor development Motor Fine Motor Communication check-list Communication and learning Early Referral Identification Kit Language and speech NDDS - Nipissing District Developmental Screen Cognitive skills Parkyn Tool Healthy Babies Healthy Children (HBHC) postpartum screening tool Health development The questionnaire tools are the best tools for assessment of the development of the child. These questionnaires examine the risk fctors in an effective manner and determine whether more assessment is required for the area of concern for the child. These can be mental health, psychological development and cognitive assessment (Charlesworth, 2013). Components considered in assessing the basic biological functioning and well-being of the pediatric patients and why are these components important in providing primary health-care services to children The main components of assessment of well-being and biological functioning of a paediatric patient are height, weight, head circumference, blood pressure, physical examination comprising of examination of the head, oral condition, abdomen, extremities, skin, neurological development, blood tests for anemia, hearing abilities, vision, mental health assessment (Bhutta Black, 2013). These points can be considered as the important aspects in providing primary health care services as the physical, and mental health of a child is the summation of all these factors. The overall health of a child is based on these factors, and a child can be considered to be in sound biological and mental health if the child is meeting all the criteria mentioned. Therefore, when a child is given health care, the primary care services is dependent on these components. According to the results of the assessment of the components, the care plan for the child can be considered. References Bhutta, Z. A., Black, R. E. (2013). Global maternal, newborn, and child healthso near and yet so far.New England Journal of Medicine,369(23), 2226-2235. Bornstein, M. H., Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014).Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. Charlesworth, R. (2013).Understanding child development. Cengage Learning. David, T. G., Weinstein, C. S. (Eds.). (2013).Spaces for children: The built environment and child development. Springer Science Business Media.

Voting System free essay sample

Introduction Through the use of technology, the economy of the country is moving forward. Nowadays, most people are using computers to make their work easier and faster. Most jobs in the country involve use of computers because of their importance in the society. It is used to store, protect, process, transmit, manage and retrieve information. This implies that computers can also be like humans that have intelligence and can work. However, its intelligence is only artificial because it is just a machine so it’s still relies on humans to perform any task required. Background of the Study Isabela National High School for having students that has grown up to about a thousand students now, delivered a quality and excellent education to the people residing in the municipality of Ilagan and also to the neighboring town. For many years since this school founded, this institution had already conducted many major student council election of officers for the INHS Supreme Student Council. We will write a custom essay sample on Voting System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was so evident unfortunately that the turnover of these said elections had turned to be slow and tiresome. It was slow because of the following scenarios: 1. As of now, the voting used to be carried out as follows – the ballot papers would be issued to all the students, the students would fill in their chosen nominees, the voting would be held where the students dropped their ballot into a ballot box. Then, the ballot box would be opened, and the ballots would be counted by hand. There was a lot of margin for error. 2. The Election is done manually, so the canvassing is consuming a big amount of time, in fact in most of the elections the canvassing of votes took a long hours and more time consume. 3. Miscount of votes that may cause for under vote or otherwise over vote. 4. Mistally and misstated vote for a candidate. It was hard and tiresome on the part of the election facilitators because it needs a lot of energy and time to overcome the complexity of the preparations and the holding of the election down to the canvassing of votes. So with these problems the call for a change is considered. As a student in this course, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology there is a call and a need for reformation and revitalization of the existing traditional and manual voting system. The implementation of the computerized voting system is the answer for this chaos. Company Profile INHS Mission and Vision Vision: The Isabela National High School produces graduates who are intellectually and technologically literate, equipped with the desirable value, attitudes and skills toward work that will lead in the development of human and material resources. With highly competent and dedicated teachers and employees within a Healthy Organization and Peaceful Environment (HOPE) who are committed in contributing to the country’s development efforts, the school will turn out to be the Regional Center of Excellence not only in English Mathematics and Science and Technology but also in all subject areas it being the Divisional Leader School. Mission: The school shall develop highly competitive graduates to respond to the present needs of society through effective efficient teachers and employees with the support of the community organizations concerned with education towards the improvement of life of every Filipino. History The establishment of the Isabela National High School came as a result of the pressing need to fulfill the growing ambition of many youths in Isabela to attain higher education. When Spain ceded the Philippines to America in the Treaty of Paris for a measly twenty million pesos in 1898, the Americans immediately occupied the country bent on the alleged aim to train the Filipinos for self-government. American military governance along with the Philippine Commission established a system of Public Education that grew slowly but surely throughout the archipelago. In the Cagayan Valley, primary schools were put up as early as 1901. Cagayan and Isabela comprised one school division with Mr. W. W. Rodwell as School Superintendent and based in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, He was assisted by two deputies name Mr. A. L. Burnell, an American teacher assigned in Lallo, Cagayan and Mr. H. B. Fernald, another American teacher assigned in Cauayan, Isabela. Aside from their teaching duties, the deputies helped in the organization and supervision of schools within their areas. Eight American teachers of 35 were assigned in Isabela. In 1903, Mr H. E. Bad succeeded Mr. Rodwell as Division Superintendent. At that time only 12% of the combined school-going age population of Cagayan and Isabela were enrolled in various schools. Of 42,495 only 5,256 were enrolled in the primary schools with a total school attendance of 3,883. In September 1902, the provincial high school in Tuguegarao, Cagayan opened. About 65 students were enrolled and was conducted by Mr. H. E. Bell, the principal and an assistant. The school closed temporarily on March 1st of the same year due to the ignorance of the people on the nature of the school and the unpreparedness of school children to take advantage of high school education. It reopened in July 6, 1903 and enrollment steadily increased from 78 to 245 in just a month’s time. Many students from nearby towns and provinces attended high school in Tuguegarao. About 40, more or less, came from Isabela during that year. This trend had induced school authorities that in another year, or as soon as practicable two junior high schools had to be built in Ilagan, Isabela and in Aparri, Cagayan. As expected a provincial high school was finally established in Ilagan, capital town of Isabela in June, 1904, but formally opened in August, 1904 with Mr. Seward W. Hulse as School Principal. Four other American teachers were assigned in the school to handle an enrollment of 186. There were no Filipino teachers were assigned to the school due to unavailability of qualified ones. Part of the municipal school building being used for primary classes, were temporarily used by the high school for instructional purposes. Not long after, the provincial board secured an admirable site facing the Cagayan River and adjoining the town of Ilagan, which is now its present location. Today, we see the tremendous strides the high school had made in the realm of secondary education. Its vision is to help mold a strong, veritable and effective citizenry for national peace and prosperity. Its mission is to prepare the youth to meet the demands of higher education as well as skillful enough to get into the world of work. Part of its curricular offering of general secondary education, is a science-oriented curriculum for the highly gifted youths who would like to pursue courses demanding highly scientific preparation. Its school population has greatly increased from its measly 186 in 1904 to an average of 5,500 yearly to date, in its main campus in Ilagan. As a mother school to a number of high schools all over the province, its school population reached an average of 10,000, more or less. Since the school’s founding in Jun, 1904, many of those who passed through its portals bcame illustrious leaders and ountstanding citizens, occupying highly influential positions until the national level. Many have also found themselves well established in foreign soils and performing creditably well as expected of every alumnus. Graduates of the schools numbering about a hundred thousand since its first graduation in 1921 had certainly made clear footprints in the sands of time and productively contributing to socio-economic development of the country. Organizational Structure Purpose and Description Our goal is to develop a secure, fast, accurate, user-friendly, and a stand-alone system for a large scale election. Objectives of the Study General Objective: To develop a Computerized Voting System of Isabela National High School Specific Objectives: This study seeks to develop a system that will address the following: 1. ) To implement a fast, easy and systematic way of conducting a voters registration and candidate applications. 2. ) To properly manage the election in a well-organized manner. 3. ) To generate quickly a correct, accurate and reliable canvassing result. 4. ) To generate instantly needed summarized and accomplishment reports. Scope and Limitation Scope It is focused on studying the existing system of voting in Isabela National High School and to make sure that the students’ votes are counted for fairness in the elective positions and less time in counting of results. Since it is a stand-alone application, one or more user may use it at a time and the system is available only at the Election time. This is also will produce: Less effort and less labour. Changes and Increase in number of voters as individuals will find it easier and more convenient to vote. Limitation Time factor and well known institute was the greatest barrier to the successful completion of this system since it had to be done within the semester. We also had financial constraints since all the activities were self-sponsored. Definition of terms CVS Computerized Voting System Review of Related Literature

Can one person in an organisation make a difference A Discussion of the attribution of an individual that can make a difference in an organization.

Can one person in an organisation make a difference A Discussion of the attribution of an individual that can make a difference in an organization. Introduction In the modern day business environment, organizations are constantly forced to exhibit innovation and enhanced performance so as to remain relevant and profitable in an ever increasingly competitive arena.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can one person in an organisation make a difference? A Discussion of the attribution of an individual that can make a difference in an organization. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The input of both the individuals and groups in the organization is invaluable to the achievement of organizational goals. Whereas the potential of groups and teams is monumental and crucial and as such indispensible to the organization, there comes a time when the fate of the organization may hang on the very shoulders of an individual. This paper argues that the effort of one person can make a significant difference in the life of an organization albeit with the unreserved involvement and c ooperation of the other key members of the organization. This paper will begin by giving a brief outlook of the environment in which this individual is to function. It will then proceed to define the traits that may make this one person turn around the fate of the organization. A discussion articulating the conditions under which the person may fail in his attempts to impact the organization will also be given. This will be in an effort to elaborate that good leadership ability is mandatory for the one person to make a difference. The organizational context Morgan (2006) defines an organization as an institute, group or an association which has a specific purpose and goals. In order for a group to deem itself as an organization, there must be observable elements of cooperation and coordination within the members of the group in accordance to a pre-prescribed format. As such, key to the establishment of any organization is the presence of some common and quantifiable goals which are to be pursued collectively. In an organization, the role that an individual plays must be looked at against the background of the overall effects that his actions may have on the entire organization. Traditional organizations have been characterized by rigidity and structural form whereby emphasis on an individuals input has not been as pronounced. The traditional organization is modeled around pre-defined plans and set goals which are all directed towards the optimization of performance by the organization (Malhotra 2000, p.1). Most of the activities are designed such that they adhere to organizational routines that are inherent to a well established structure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Present conditions have called for a restructuring to the manner in which organizations function. Nadlers study (cited in Malhotra 2000, p.1) indicates that the traditional o rganizational structure was build for a relatively stable and predictable environment. This is contrary to the present day environment which is characterized by an increased level of instability and the risk of unforeseen changes in the business environment for organizations. This new environment in which the organizations find themselves calls for a reassessment of organizational practices. One of the reassessments made is the placement of even greater emphasis and value on the input of the individual so as to ensure that the organization survives the various competitive forces that constantly threaten its existence. The role of the individual Bearing in mind the factors discussed above, the organizational structure is constantly being modified so as to be aligned with the various realities that arise in the business environment. As such, the role of the individual has been propelled to the forefront and may indeed act as the last line of defense in instances where the tradition me ans of relying on group achievements has failed. For a person to make difference, he must possess some particular character traits. A study on leadership skills and traits by Stogdill (cited in Bolden et.al. 2003, p. 7) highlights the various traits and skills. This traits include; innovation, charisma, confidence, diplomacy, ability to take responsibility among other traits. Most of this attributes are a prerequisite for an individual to make a positive impact in the organization. Creativity is one of the skills in an individual that can be used to make a difference to the organization. Over the last decades, creativity and innovation has progressively become the defining factor of successful and failing organizations. Shavinina (2003, p. 607) asserts that this innovation has become paramount to the survival of organizations. She goes on to note that in most occasions, innovation springs from an individual’s initiative. It can thus be argued out that an individual possessing creativity and innovation can use this ability to positively impact the organization. This can be through the proposal of novel ideas or through the reinventing or discovering of more efficient ways of running certain aspects of the organization. In certain circumstances, the preserving of the corporate culture of the organization can make the difference in the organization. This is especially so when the culture has been responsible for the successful execution of tasks in the organization over a long period of time. This being the case, it is obvious that the success of an organization can be jeopardized by any move that threatens to weaken the corporate culture of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can one person in an organisation make a difference? A Discussion of the attribution of an individual that can make a difference in an organization. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Morgan (2006, p.128) states that corporate cultures develop â€Å"as an ethos created and sustained by social processes so as to bury out differences. This means that the culture is a means by which the various disparate members of the organization can forge some form of alliance and thus work towards. Jenster and Hussey (2001) assert that a strong culture may be further reinforced in an organization by a strong charismatic figure. Key to making a difference in the organization is the ability of the sole figure to ensure that everyone involved buys into the ideas and concepts that they are trying to advance. Sahskin (2003, p.178) articulates that actions that produce a feeling of charisma towards a leader figure will invariably lead to an increase in the likelihood of the followers to ape the actions of the leader. However, it should be noted that making the people follow a â€Å"model individual† may only be effective for a short term basis. The Education of key people in the organization abou t the assets and issues associated with the work environment may be a more effective and long term measure (Huszczo 2004, p.212). An individual who embraces the more encompassing role of an ambassador is therefore more likely to make a difference to the organization rather than relying solely on charisma. At the present, most economies in the world are working towards recovering from the credit crunch that hit almost all countries in the world. It is a reasonable assumption that most organizations were forced to make changes that included cutting on costs or laying off employees so as to remain profitable. In such times, there is need for a flame of optimism to be fanned in the organization. Bolden et. al (2003, p.16) state that an optimistic nature is one of the defining behaviors associated with a transformational leader. A person who can enthusiastically talk about the needs of the organization and draw a compelling image of the bright future that all in the organization can look forward to is capable of making a difference in the organization. In all organizations, there arise contentious issues which elicit different reactions at some point in time. How these issues are diffused may spell out the difference between the subsequent success or failure of the organization. The presence of a person who can manage the crises in a diplomatic fashion may be crucial to the success of the organization. Diplomacy entails the using of power and authority carefully so as to achieve positive outcomes by being unanimous or arriving at a consensus (London 2002, p.259). Failure of the individual Whereas the individual can be seen to be a potent force acting for the good of the organization, there may be instances whereby this individual can lead to the failure of the organization. Cyert and March (1992, p.31) present the organization as a coalition of individuals who have goals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There therefore exists the potential for internal goal conflict due to the diverse individuals that make up the organization. An individual may be tempted to project the goals that reflect on his/her personal values. Solo (2000, p.69) asserts that the economy in place favours the collective goals and those values that reflect the needs of groups rather than personal groups. This being the case, any emphasis on the individuals values may negatively impact the organization. Ambition and an achievement-oriented nature are some of the traits that are inherent in a person who set out to make a difference in the organization (Bolden et al. 2003, p.7). Whereas these traits are desirable and necessary for this task, they may have detrimental effects if they are exhibited in an exaggerated form. If an individual is overly ambitious, he may be tempted to act in ways that are beneficial to him/her at the expense of other members of the organization. This may alienate him/her to the other membe rs of the organization who may then proceed to sabotage his activities thus negatively impacting the organization. Conclusion This paper has argued that the role of an individual can make a difference in the organization if properly directed. The paper has discussed the prominent aspects in present day organizations that make the role of the individual more pronounced as compared to past times. It has been proposed that an individual possessing certain character traits that are mostly attributed to leaders can make a difference in an organization. However, it has been articulated that some of this traits can be detrimental to the organizations well beings. As such, a compromise should be struck to ensure that those skills and traits which yield positive trends are capitalized on while the traits which are negative are minimized. From the discussions presented in this paper, it can be authoritatively stated that while the role of the individual is crucial to the success of the organi zation, it should always be looked at in respect to its effect on the entire team since the organizational goals can only be effectively achieved with the support of all the members of the organization. References Bolden, R, Gosling, J, Marturano, A Dennison, P 2003, A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks. Web. Cyert, M R March, G J 1992, A behavioral Theory of the Firm, 2nd edn, Wiley-Blackwell. Huszczo, G 2004, Tools for Team Leadership: Delivering the X-factor in Team Excellence, Davies-Black Publishing. Jenster, P V Hussey, D 2001, Company Analysis: Determining Strategic Capability. Wiley. London, M 2002, Leadership Development: Paths to Self-insight and Professional Growth, Routledge. Malhotra, Y 2000, Knowledge Management New Organization Forms: A Framework for Business Model Innovation, Information Resources Management Journal, 13(1), 5-14. Morgan, G 2006, Images of Organization, USA: Sage. Sashkin, G 2003. Leadership that matters: the critical factors fo r making a difference in peoples lives and organizations success, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Shavinina, V 2003, The International Handbook on Innovation, Elsevier. Solo, A R 2000, Economic Organizations and Social System, 2nd edn, University of Michigan Press, USA.

9 Networking Hacks to Improve Your Career

9 Networking Hacks to Improve Your Career Networking is daunting, but it doesn’t have to be so hard. While it’s super important- critical even- to your success, there are a few tricks you can try to make the process a bit more enjoyable and fruitful for yourself. Follow these simple strategies so none of your contacts-to-be feel like they’re being â€Å"networked† or exploited, and you might just enjoy yourself in your working world a little more.1. Make friends, not contacts.The more you look at potential contacts as potential friends, the better off you’ll be. Everybody gets to feel like a human an no one goes home feeling slimy or mercenary. Don’t treat people like business cards. Try and genuinely open up and share things about your goals and yourself. You might not get a job from every conversation, but you might end up with a whole lot of friends.2. Listen- don’t just pretend to listen.Too often this is a thing people forget to do, especially in networking situations. Th ey make their pitch and shake hands and swap cards, but they don’t actually connect. Don’t just say your piece and move on. Stay and listen to what your future contact has to say. Sadly, this will really set you apart from the vast majority of people in the world. Plus, you’ll end up making better and deeper and more lasting connections.3. Tell your story.Don’t let things stay impersonal. Turn whatever ask you’re sidling around the party with into a chance to share what makes you special in your industry. This is like your elevator pitch, but more human. And it will open a great many doors- more, probably, than just an email address to send a query to.4. Ask for intros.Not only is this a great way to meet people you might be too shy or removed from to get beside, it’s a great way to befriend the people who can get you into that person’s eye line. A warm lead beats a cool lead. Plus, you get to make a new contact feel super helpful and important right out of the gate.5. Get your handshake straight.You won’t get very far with a limp or limb-breaking handshake. Work on yours until it’s right. This is your first impression, after all. Don’t forget eye contact and one good non-weak/non-knuckle-crushing squeeze.6. Don’t take other people’s awkwardness personally.In networking situations, it’s exceedingly common to find yourself the odd man in an already in progress conversation, trying to join, or stuck in a lull with a new contact’s conversation. Remember it’s not all your fault. It takes two sets of social graces to make a successful conversation. Be as generous as you can be with your social graces and try not to take things personally when others fail.7. Skip the business card.Why bother wasting a tree when you can hand your new friend your phone and have them input their phone number directly? This gets you past the awkward email intro stage and straight int o a texting relationship, if appropriate. And if you do need to take a card, make sure to write a wee note on the back with any details you want to make sure not to forget.8. Give more than you ask.For every ask you’re about to make, make sure you’ve given about 10 times more in recompense. Figure out how you can help the person you’re going to ask for help. And make your offers (or give your help) before asking for what you want or need. Most importantly, if you give your word: keep it. Be there. Be reliable. Follow up when you promise to.9. When in doubt, introduce yourself.It may seem like the most obvious bit of advice for a networking venture, but it’s an invaluable tool in any setting. You never know who you might meet if you just walk up to them and say, â€Å"Hi, I’m so and so!† Networking is awkward for everyone. No need to be afraid.

CLASSICAL CULTURES (GREEK MYTHOLOGY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CLASSICAL CULTURES (GREEK MYTHOLOGY) - Essay Example However, one of the big problems in trying to live this way is the problem of temptation which sometimes thwarts our best efforts. In this essay, I will explain what I mean by this statement. The Odyssey is a great story to examine issues such as ethics and values. It is the story of a man trying desperately to return home after many years away fighting in a terrible war. But he is being punished and his journey is very dilatory. He must constantly deal with obstacles. Each obstacle presents in its way a moral or ethical challenge that will try Odysseus. Although my own life is very different that Odysseus’, and much less straightforward, nevertheless, I too have been challenged by obstacles that have made me think hard about the values I live by. But I have been challenged by more than obstacles. I have also been challenged by the temptations that come with obstacles: the temptation to give in to what is easiest or safest and avoid taking responsibility for fighting on, for continuing to sail home. Temptation is a powerful force that can make us turn our backs on the values we hold closest to our heart. This is a lesson from the Bible, when Jesus is tempted by Satan, but it also a lesson that again and again comes up in the Odyssey. When Odysseus spends time with Circe he begins to forget those he truly loves, he is caught in her spell and the temptation of an easy life that she offers. Also, when Odysseus approaches the Sirens, he is likewise tempted, but this time has taken precautions, asking his men to tie him to the mast to prevent him jumping into the sea to get close to the Sirens and their song, which would mean he would never see his wife or children again: They sang these words most musically, and as I longed to hear them further I made by frowning to my men that they should set me free; but they quickened their stroke, and Eurylochus and Perimedes bound me with still

International Business Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business Strategy - Case Study Example In addition, this business strategy report identifies the existing cultural and institutional differences between the domestic location of the parent company and the host location of the proposed European subsidiary. The identification of differences is followed by the evaluation and assessment of the existing differences that are likely to influence the operations of the parent company in the host location and hence affect the achievement of the primary objectives of India Motors. And accordingly the report provides recommendations and suggestions as how to deal with these differences. Lastly, the report provides suggestions for the adoption of basic organisational structures and the control strategies that will be in enhance the minimisation of institutional and cultural differences. According to Michael E. Porter, "the prosperity of a nation is not inherited but created" (Porter M.E., 1990). He emphasizes that the prosperity and opulence of a country does not stem out of its national inheritance or bequests or for that matter a nation's labour resources, its currency value or the interest rates. But a nation's competitiveness and the conclusive prosperity depends on the capability of the nation's industry to upgrade, innovate, create and harness its limited resources to the maximum (Porter M.E., 1990). Due to the rapid advancements made in technological and information spheres, the economic developments in the last few decades have witnessed a rapid increase in the global integration of economic activities worldwide. Major countries and cities are being assimilated into the global network through the flow of technology, commodities, capital, information and labour (Dawson J.A. & Larke R., 2003). This development which is more commonly referred to as globalisation has made industries and companies to look beyond its domestic horizons towards international destinations and markets to upgrade, innovate, create and harness their limited resources to create a sustainable competitive advantage that will result in the overall national prosperity. Companies, business firms and enterprises in every industry today, want to take advantage of this modern phenomenon of globalisation so as to increase and sustain their competitive advantage. Their search for new and more effective strategies to benefit from this phenomenon has lead to companies resorting to global strategies, which in the economic terms is known as internationalisation strategy. Strategic alliances, international partnerships, Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) making entries into the international markets are some examples of internationalisation strategies. The basis of these strategies is to gain competitive advantage over its competitors and the long term sustenance of the gained competitive advan

A Worn Path Essay Example for Free

A Worn Path Essay The short story ‘A Worn Path’ by Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of patience and persistence. The protagonist of the story, a very old African-American woman, Phoenix Jackson is presented by the author as a study in perseverance, stamina and life in the face of hardship and death. The story is rather deceptively simple and deals with an old woman’s journey on foot through the woods of Mississippi to the city of Natchez, motivated by the need of medicines for her ailing grandson. However, structured upon this journey motif, the story has a rich veneer of symbolism that turns Phoenix Jackson an everyman, while her journey, transcending every boundary becomes the very emblem for the eternal human quest through the wildernesses of life. The landscape that the protagonist has to cross to reach her destination is at once evocatively beautiful and hauntingly dangerous, threatening at every moment to jeopardize the journey. The old and worn out woman is acutely aware of the dangers and hardships that lie in her way and as she walks steadily she mutters under her breath: Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals†¦ the big wild hogs out of my path. Dont let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way. Her feet feels chained as she negotiates a particularly steep uphill path and gets entangled in a thorny bush that looks harmless from the distance. As soon as she overcomes this other impediments follow: narrow logs across a creek, ghosts which turn out to be nothing but scarecrows, dog and his white master crosses her path. But she braves it all with a determination and patience that bespeaks of the invincibility of the spirit that burns within her breasts. The solitary journey of the protagonist through the wildernesses is further complicated by her old age, her acute physical exhaustion and her failing vision. However, walking against these innumerable odds, Phoenix Jackson emerges victorious with the aid of her sheer fortitude and capacity for self-sacrifice for the sake of her grandson. Even when a bounding black dog pushes her over into a ditch, Phoenix Jackson does not lose her infinite patience. In fact lying by the roadside in a ditch, incapable of getting up on her own, she seems quite happy and soon loses herself in a dream and goes on talking to herself. After being rescued, she calmly declares the rationale of her journey to the hunter who advises her to go back home: I bound to go to town, mister, said Phoenix. The time come around. The protagonists zest for life is revealed in her intense awareness of every natural object around her and the wilderness seen through her failing eyes, takes on a dream-like quality; a dream in which every object quivers with symbolic or allegorical significance. The real journey transcends its limits to reveal a religious pilgrimage or a quest with Phoenix Jackson as the lonely knight whose only true weapons against adversities are her infinite patience and persistence. Interestingly, the story is actually set during the Christmas season, suggesting that the protagonist is out on a pilgrimage where her endurance and fortitude will be tested to the extreme. The theme of patience and persistence is also reiterated in the mythological significance of the name, Phoenix, a bird that rises again and again from its own ashes asserting the victory of life over death. It is to be noted that it is not only the natural world that poses an obstacle for the old protagonist, but the society too that refuses to giver her the due respect. Thus we see the White man condescendingly concluding that she is going to the town merely to see Santa Claus or the nurses at the great big building dismissing her as a case of ‘charity’. But all these barely touches the old lady, who has surely earned the medicine a thousand times over; the medicine that is given away to her as ‘charity’. She once again walks out into the street starting her long journey back home through the wilderness. Thus it might be concluded that Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path is a powerful assertion of the victory of the human spirit against all conceivable odds. The victory is undoubtedly hard earned, neither does it promise much spoils (the old woman is rewarded with a paper windmill and medicine for her grandson at the end of her almost epical journey). But it is a victory of patience and persistence. The battle too is worth fighting whatever be the spoils.

The Theme of Hopkins Sonnet, The Windhover Essay -- Sonnet Essays

The Theme of Hopkins' Sonnet, The Windhover "'The Windhover' is one of the most discussed, and it would seem least understood, poems of modern English literature." These opening words of a Hopkins' critic forewarn the reader of Hopkins' "The Windhover" that few critics agree on the meaning of this sonnet. Most critics do concur, however, that Hopkins' central theme is based on the paradoxical Christian principle of profit through sacrifice. Although most critics eventually focus on this pivotal concept, each one approaches the poem from a different analytical perspective. The various critics of Hopkins' "The Windhover" find woven throughout its diverse levels expressions of Hopkins' central theme: all toil and painful things work together for good to those who sacrificially love God. The research of Alfred Thomas provides an interesting place to begin a study of the major critical approaches to the dominant theme in "The Windhover." Thomas chooses to view the poem's theme through what he feels are its sources, citing as the major source Hopkin's life as a Jesuit. Thomas' articulation of the central paradox of the poem, then, is in the terms of the ascetic life which the Jesuit poet would have experienced: Hopkins, the priest, desires to obtain spiritual glory/gain through sacrificing a secular life for one of religious tasks. Thomas suggests that this priestly life is metaphorically pictured in two distinct manners, one in the octave the other in the sestet. Within the octave, Thomas believes that the chivalric terms suggest the first metaphorical picture-a religious man as a knight of Christ. He adds, further, that both the terminology and the picture itself have their source in the Jesuit handbook Spiritual Exercises. ... ...giving paradox of salvation history. The apostle Paul chose to explain this essential principle through the science of exposition. Hopkins, however, decided to express the hidden heart of the gospel through the art of poetry. Both men were master communicators: Christ Jesus, who being in the form of Daylight's dauphin, thought it not robbery to be equal with the King-: But emptied himself of all pride, and took upon himself to buckle to the form of a ploughman. And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto galling, even the gold-vermillion death of the cross. For this reader, Hopkins has chosen the favorable mode of expression. The poetics of "The Windhover" reverberate with the resonance of the fundamental principle of the gospel: "The Windhover" represents "what oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed." Â  

Group Performance Evaluation

I think that we have done well in our performence. As we have been chosen to performe to another class as our idea was creative. I had done a good job, and remembered my scrpit I stuck to my role all the time and I did not make any mistsakes. I suggested that the first scene be a mimed flashback about the mother packing away and leaving with some depressing music in the background. I thought this would work well because it meant the audience would be drawn into the drama from the beginning and it would be an imaginative way to start the piece. It was my idea to change a spotlight/lights for a different scene when we did our monologue as I thought that this would face the audience's attention onto us and they would then listen carefully to what we were saying. As well as the audience will know when the scene would be changing. Jake suggested that Julia should make her voice louder and more aggressive when she was shouting at the us as this would make her character more realistic and the audience would also be frightened of her. We all took responsibility for the lights and our performence in our drama and came in at lunchtimes to choose the lights we needed for the movement scene and record our monologue. During the performance we worked the lightning for the scenes and asked Bandana to manage then. We were pleased because the lights came on at the right time. I tried-to change my voice to women one to show that I was playing the mother. Although I found it hard, it worked well and everyone said that they were really impressed. When my character was getting angry about my father and husband I changed my tone to a really angry one and I made my voice shake as if I was going to cry. This didn't work as well as I wanted it to be but my clarity was not good and my voice didn't sound shaky enough. But Jake on the other hand done a brilliant job and made himself cry when he had an a emotional scene. Jade done well as well. She changed her tone of voice so it suited the situation When we wanted to show the feelings of our character we made our volume low and we whispered when we were . This worked really well with the movement we chosen which was to look down at the start. My gyestures were unussual because my character was quite a nervous person I made sure that I fiddled a lot with my sleeves and did not make eye contact with the other characters when I was speaking to Julia. When my character spoke I used my hands a lot to express myself as my character was a very enthusiastic person but depressed at the same time. My character had the habit of playing with a pen when thinking about things, for example during the monologue and when I had to tell Julia I was playing with something. I decided to do this as it is a common thing for people to do and added believability to my character

Promote communication in health, social care or children s and young peoples settings Essay

051.1.1 Communication is an essenial part of our lifes which we start from birth, this is why i believe it is important that there is effective communication in a work setting with children and young people. We communicate to exchange thoughts, express feelings and to learn new things. How we transfer this information can be by speech, crying, using our body language or/and expressions, our main goal is to be understood. We communicate to a variety of people in our work setting, not only the children we care for but we speak with their parents and family members on a regular basis to disguss their childs individual needs as well as update them on their childs progress. This is where we can share ideas and gather information on a child such as their mannerisum and types of reasurrance techniques they use to help them feel comfortable in our setting. Most importantly we communicate to others to build relationships and at our setting we aim to maintain them. 051.1.2 Read more:Â  Essay About Promote Communication Communication and relationships go hand in hand. To create a relationship we must communicate and with communication we are creating relationships. We all need reasurrance and support, children and adults, we do this by listening about others concerns or worrys they may have and acting on them, by acting on them we are gaining trust. Having a good relationship with a childs parents and other family members makes the transition from them to us easier. It is vital that we build relationships with the children and young people that we work with to ensure comfort and to feel secure enough to be without their parents. We aim to work in partnership with adults that are involved in the childrens lives. Communication is highly important between colleagues for us to work well together and to ensure that we have a childs best intrest at heart we exchange information on a their routines, feelings and their interests.To be an efficitive team we must support each other and remain professional. A strong relationship with work colleagues rubs off on the children creating a happy enviroment.

The Mystery of Which Route Han essays

The Mystery of Which Route Han essays The achievements of Hannibal and his brilliant tactics paved the road for future generals to look at his tactics and use them. Sadly, no less than seven accounts of Hannibals operations are said to have been written during his lifetime or very soon afterwards. Two of them by Greeks who accompanied him on his march from Spain and two others were Romans who fought against him. The two main historians at odd with Hannibals route are Polybius and Livy. Polybius was a Greek historian and wrote about Hannibals journey 70 years after the event. Livy was a Roman historian and wrote about Hannibals journey 120 years after the event. One of the disagreements of Hannibals march to Rome centered around the region of the Rhone valley. Historians have argued which route Hannibal took as his army was headed to the Alps. I will analyze in this paper the different accounts of the historians and the authors and I will create my own conclusion on which The route from Cartagena to the Rhone is hardly disputed, but northwards of Avignon there is a difference of opinions by many historians. The main point of the issue is the place where Hannibal turned eastwards from the Rhone and began the last stage of his march towards Italy. Some authorities believe that the turning point was at the place where the river Drome flows into the Rhone, and also the river Aygues between Montelimar and Valence. Others believe that he turned off much farther north than this, along the valley of the Isere which enters the Rhone north of Valence. The author Cottrell, believed with the historians who felt it was the Drome that Hannibal followed. One of his main reasons why he believes this route is because in 1777, Barthelemy Daillan was digging in his cellar and found the skeleton of an elephant. With it was a copper medallion, but he used it as an ornament on his shovel. It is now lost. I...

How NOT to Go Crazy or 7 Essay Writing Hacks You Need to Overtake

How NOT to Go Crazy or 7 Essay Writing Hacks You Need to Overtake How NOT to Go Crazy or 7 Essay Writing Hacks You Need to Overtake If you are searching for essay writing hacks on how to write a paper, then look over the tips below. This style of writing does not actually alter the writing you do, but rather, has an influence on the format of the final piece you write. If the piece you are writing is something scientifically based, something that is research heavy, then you will need the following sections: Hack #1: Do Your Abstract Last It is common to want to get the shortest part of the essay writing done first, but don’t. You will get the work done faster if you wait until the end. Remember, this is a short, 200 to 300 word paragraph that serves as a complete summary of the entire piece you wrote, with approximately one sentence for each of the main sections. Hack #2: Write an Introduction at the End of the Line Save your introduction until you have finished the body content. Believe us, it will be much easier to write it after you have all the aces in your hand. Hack #3: Use Only Relevant Data When you provide your reader with background information, make sure it is relevant and that you review things which they will need only in order to better understand your argument. Hack #4: Explain Your Research in Detail When writing the methodology, explain what you did in your research and how you conducted it. You want this part of the work to be so detailed that someone reading it could recreate what you did exactly and find the same results. Hack #5: Show the Bigger Picture When you present your findings/results, don’t just say what they are. Explain how it fits into the bigger picture. Hack #6: Thoroughly Check Your Formatting Make sure to properly format each area of the work. You will lose more points on papers for improper format and layout than you will for the writing itself. If your content is not research based, and is merely a creative writing piece, then you do not need any of these headings or subheadings and instead can just format the title page and references in accordance with the requirements. That means you need your title, your name, and your university in the middle of the title page, centered in the page. Overall, following these simple hacks will help you to get your papers written, and done well. You will avoid losing grade points and will be able to submit your work with pride.

U.S. Navy WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. Navy WWII - Essay Example against the American Navy after their failure at the Battle of Coral Sea.1 Nimitz already knew that the Japanese were planning to capture Midway Island as a way of extending their control of the Pacific. Yamamoto, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet believed that his troop could gain control of the Pacific only after an all-out naval battle with the American. In his plan, America would suffer defeat thereby making Japan free to conquer. Similarly, Yamamoto believed that Nimitz would not escape any major naval battle with the Japanese but the US Commander-in-Chief was not ready to evade any naval battle within the Pacific region. Yamamoto had planned on luring some of the American naval forces away from his main battlefield.2 Besides, he ensured that four of the eight Japanese aircraft carriers would be in the vicinity. Notably, the Japanese fleet consisted of some of the biggest battleships in the world known as Yamato the smaller battleships as well as other numero us cruisers and destroyers. Unfortunately, Yamamoto’s plan had two major defects. First, he believed in the supremacy of his battleship. This made him fail to realize that aircraft carriers could give a massive blow to them while at a far distance. Hence, Yamamoto believed that the aircraft carrier was the supporting machine in the battleship and not the other way round. Also, his battleships were much slower than all other warships that he initially had, and this caused the entire fleet to move at a pace that could only suit the slower battleships. The second defect was that the Americans knew the course of Yamamoto’s plan. Therefore, Admirals Spruance and Fletcher prepared their ships for an attack.3 As a result, Yamamoto’s plan of luring the American forces away from the main battlefield was not going to work. On June 2, Fletcher and Spruance took control of two task forces. Notably, Yamamoto had no idea that his fleet was sailing toward a large enemy force and his plans to

Gowers Crisps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gowers Crisps - Essay Example Firstly the company has to arrange for outside suppliers for additional quantities of potatoes. Secondly it will require more employees and space to enhance its processing facility that consists of hand frying. Lastly it will need to have a marketing strategy to sell this higher quantity of the product to new customers in a wider area. Amongst them marketing strategy is the most important as the company has not required it for arriving at the present status. But now it cannot do without giving it the due importance. Markets are heterogeneous and are created by reasons of different values, needs wants, constraints, beliefs and incentives. Customers differ in their values and perceptions and want to purchase things that have value for them. Value is not just the monetary part, but also the usefulness and emotions that with go with it. The need and want play a great role in determining this value. The price actually determines the location from which this purchase will be made. An important method of finding the competitiveness is by using the Five Force Analysis devised by Porter M.E. (1985), often called the Porter’s five force analysis. This will help the management to devise appropriate marketing strategy to take care of vital issues. Porter divides the competitive environment into five forces of ‘powers’, these are Power of buyers, Power of suppliers, Threat of new entrants, Threat of substitutes, Intensity of rivalry between existing firms. (Porter, M. E.1985) iii Promotion. Image plays a very important role. Whether it is the image of the product which enhances value or status or the image of the buyer when he acquires a product, both factors are extremely important for the buyer in arriving at a purchase decision. In recent years the 4P concept has come under criticism and as a result different marketing mixes have been put forward by Kotler P,. (1986);

Personal journal entry 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal journal entry 5 - Essay Example Feminist theory argues that legal positivism is the main reason women have been dominated by men in the past. The theory argues that the law has been written historically baymen to favor the position of men over women. ïÆ'Ëœ Women should be given genuine equality with men in all areas of life as opposed to the current provisions by the law. This is in direct opposition to legal positivism. A good example is the 19th amendment to the USA constitution which gives equal rights to voting for both women and men3. The feminist theory fights for the recognition of the differences between the two sexes as opposed to the sameness that are advocated by the legal positivism. The feminist theory argues that, it is until the law acknowledges the differences between men and women, that it can bring equality between them4. In conclusion, presently, the position of women is much better than it was five decades ago. The effort of the feminist movements has ensured that women achieved considerable progress in the campaign. The position of women in today’s society can be attributed to a large percentage, to the changes in the legislation that have happened over the

Factors that lead to employee motivation

Factors that lead to employee motivation Employees are considered as one of the most valuable asset of an organization and they contribute to various activities of an organization. There is a need in every organizational to motivate their employees in order to render organizational commitment of the employees and if an employee is committed toward to an organization than there will be strong desire in an employee to work toward s the goals of an organization and to remain in the organization which will in turn lead to success of the organization. The purpose of this research is to examine and evaluate the factors which motivate the employees. One reason for choosing this topic is that it is an important fact that employees spend a lot of time at work for almost 40 years of their lives therefore it is important that employees should be satisfied with their job and the working environment. Apart from this topic being so interesting and important, there are different theories than can be used to look at motivation from different angles. Reasons for choosing Pepsi Pepsi co has a work oriented approach with highly skilled and knowledgeable employees. Pepsi is a world leader in producing beverages and other consumer product. PepsiCo in Pakistan produces financial rewards for its investors and provide growth opportunities to its employees. The aim of the management of PepsiCo is to build a work force that is motivated and associated with the objectives of the organization. At PepsiCo both financial and non financial practices are undertaken to motivate the employees. My research will focus on the non financial practices for motivation. Project Objectives and research questions: The objective of this research is to understand the factors that motivate employees. Employees not only focus on financial rewards but also non financial rewards and benefits which are responsible for motivation among employees. The objective of this report focuses on the impacts of non financial practices on employee motivation. A smaller part of this report will focus on the financial factors responsible for motivating employees. The main aim of this research is to identify and analyze the factors that motivate the employess using different theories of motivation. Both primary and secondary sources will be used to identify these factors. Primary research will give more detailed and in depth analysis. The main primary question will be: Are PepsiCo employees motivated? What factors lead to employee motivation? How can PepsiCo improve motivation of its employees? The answers to the above three questions will help in identifying and analyzing the areas of strengths and weakness in overall motivation process at PepsiCo. At the end recommendation will be given that how Pepsi can improve and work on their areas of weakness. Overall research approach: To begin with the research first of all I will analyze whether the employees at PepsiCo are motivated or not. I will use results obtained from primary research and secondary sources to do the overall analysis of motivation. Once I have found that employees at PepsiCo are motivated or not I will identify and analyze the factors that are responsible for motivating employees or responsible for their dissatisfaction. The factors that I will use will be based on the theories of motivation I will be using. There is at least one question in the primary research questionnaire for each factor. The questionnaire will ask the participating employees to put in order of importance the factors they consider are most important and will motivate them. The theories that I will be using are: Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory Vrooms expectancy theory From the information that I will obtain from primary and secondary research I will make recommendations to PepsiCo that on which factors they can improve on and which factors they should not focus on as they do not help in motivating employees. Finally in the conclusion I will discuss the overall effectiveness of the motivation process of employees at PepsiCo. Part 2: Sources and methods used for collecting information: The secondary sources that I am using for my research are websites, books and business magazines, whereas primary research will be conducted through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among different employees working at different positions at PepsiCo. The questionnaire has at least one question relating to the factor considered. The participating employees were asked to put in order of importance the factors that the considered are the most important for their motivation. This help me identifying that where PepsiCo is putting its emphasis and on what factors it is not putting much emphasis. Limitations of your information gathering Ethical issues and how they were resolved The main ethical issue concerned was of confidentiality as this report discusses private personal information as well as information about PepsiCo which gives PepsiCo completive advantage. To overcome the issue of confidentiality the surveys are kept anonymous and individual results will not be shown. I am a customer of PepsiCo and I am an admirer of it. However I ensure that my results are not biased in favor of PepsiCo. I made sure that I focused on the factual data for my results. Accounting and/or business techniques and their limitations Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behaviour (Princeton, 2010). There are two types of motivation theories, process theories and content theories. According to content theory man has needs which tend to change over time. Man will be motivated when these needs are satisfied. Therefore the theory identifies factors that are needed to be satisfied in order to motivate an individual. Whereas process theories believe that motivation leads to actions which will satisfy an individuals need. Content theory believes thats if needs of an individual are satisfied then he is motivated whereas process theories believe motivation leads to actions that can satisfy needs. There are two types of process theories, expectancy theory and equity theory. According to expectancy theory an individual has to expect that their ability and skill will help them to complete a task which will lead to fulfillment of desired need. Therefore a job design is important. Equity theory analyzes the ratio between an individual input and the expected outcome. An individual input includes his effort, his ability, his training etc where as the expected outcome includes the pay he is getting, his status etc. An individual is de-motivated when he believes that his input to output ratio is not similar to his coworkers in the company. For example if one employees earns à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200,000 of revenue for the company in a year and earns an income of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬30,000 whereas his coworker who has been at the company for 4 years longer than him earns an income of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40,000 even though he also earns à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200,000 of revenue for the company. For my research project the motivation theories I have chosen is one process and one content theory, which are discussed below: Herzbergs Hygiene Motivation theory Frederick Herzberg (1966) was a student of accountants and engineers in Pennsylvania and he identified the two-factor theorem for job satisfaction. He noted that the opposite of satisfaction is not, no satisfaction but is dissatisfaction. Therefore the two factors he indentified ere hygiene factors and motivating factors. The hygiene factors are those which remove job dissatisfaction and motivating factors are those which cause job satisfaction. Hygiene factors are the needs which an employer must provide in order to stop an employees dissatisfaction. Some of the primary hygiene factors are : Company policy Supervision Working conditions Relationship with peers Salary Security These factors are all external and will satisfy human physiological needs. Physiological needs include such as food and shelter etc Whereas motivating factors will satisfy a persons psychological needs and are fundamental. The important motivating factors are: Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement and Growth Motivating factors will not be met until and unless hygiene factors are not met. However if both factors are successful then the employees will be loyal and will be more productive. Now looking at the limitations of the theory: The first limitation this theory has is that it does not see employees as individuals with different personalities. As all human beings have different needs and different wants therefore it is inappropriate to consider that same factors will motivate everybody. The second limitation with this theory is that it assumes that only motivated employees are productive however this may not hold true in some cases. Therefore it can be seen that theory does not consider an individuals ability and his skills. Also at time the managers blame that hygiene factors lead to employees dissatisfaction and they tend to ignore the motivating factors, which may be the main reason for an employees de-motivation. Vrooms Expectancy theory of motivation. Vroom presented the following equation for motivation: Motivation = Valence x Expectancy (Instrumentality) In this equation Valence means the depth of want and expectancy and instrumentality considered the employees perception about his chances of receiving bonus or reward. This theory is based on the employees ability to predict whether he will be able to complete the given task. This ability to predict can be low for tasks which are complex and in such cases the theory will be considered ineffective. Part 3 Results, analysis conclusions and recommendations Are employees at PepsiCo motivated? Interest in task According to the content theories, when an individual is attracted in what they are doing it motivates them to complete the task. According to Herzberg this is an essential factor and therefore is a need to develop this factor in the employees. Therefore it is important to understand that if the need for interest of the employees is satisfied than they will be motivated to work and perform the task successfully. Process theorists also agree that interest fac t is important for motivation bur however according to them, individuals are motivated because they believe that they will get the desired reward. According to Vroom if an individual is interested in their wok and are satisfied with their job then they will believe that they will succeed and they are motivated to work for their success. Hence Interest in task by the employee is an important factor and PepsiCo should give time to it. Graph exp As in the questionnaire question 1 and 2 are about the factor interest in task. The results shows that employees at PepsiCo believe that their work task gives them personal satisfaction as they have answered these questions as agree and strongly agree. None of the employees said that they were dissatisfied with their job, however it is seen from the survey that satisfaction level of some employees need to be improved therefore there is a room for improvement for PepsiCo. Also on the important list of the survey this factor varies from levels 1 to 9, which shows that how different employees view this factors importance. This shows that the result match with Vrooms theory because the employees feel that interest in task does not have a positive relation with skills and ability and the results does not correlate with Herbergs theory which believes that interest in task is a motivator. Recognition Recognition means that you are acknowledged by the other because of your good performance in a task. According to Herzberg recognition is an important intrinsic motivating factor because it gives an employee the feeling of self worth and an employee feels good about himself. If an employee feels good about him and is confident then he will be motivated as well. According to Vroom recognition makes an employee motivated to do the work again as he knows that it will lead to success. Process Theorist believe on larger rewards such as financial bonuses where as Herzbergs theory prefers smaller rewards and frequents recognitions for making one feel good about himself. Graph Working environment According to Herzberg working environment is a hygiene factor that is required to keep away dissatisfaction but it is not a motivator itself. According to Process theories a factor is only motivating if it helps individuals in achieving a specific goal. According to Vroom a working environment is a motivator as it is required to perform a task. This factors shows that how both theories have different conclusions about it. Graph n explanation 4. Relationship with peers According to Herzberg relationships are not needed by individuals as they are an external factor. Content theories don not encourage companies to spend their resources on building relationships among peers. According to Vroom the need for relationship among peers is important depends on whether it is an important factor in achieving success. According to the equity theory motivation depends how individuals sees themselves by comparing himself with the others in the same organization. Graph n explanation Relationship with senior The use of the theories for this factor is alike to the conclusion drawn in the above factor relationships with peers but process theorist would see this factor as a motivating factor because it is important to build relationship with seniors and gain their respect in order to get promotion. Graph n explanation Reasonable expectations from the organization Reasonable expectations mean that a just quantity of work is given by the manager. According to Herzberg this factor is a hygiene factor and not a motivator because unreasonable expectations from the manager will lead to dissatisfaction even if other motivating factors are also present. According to Vroom this is a motivating factor because if they expectations are reasonable the employee will believe that he will be able to succeed and hence will be motivated to perform the task. Graph n explanation Career advancement According to Herzberg career advancement is a motivating factor because it indicates personal growth and the employee who is given growth opportunities and promotions will be motivated to work. According to process theorists career advancement is a motivating factor as long as the individual feels that it is realistic and the expectations for promotion are high. According to Vroom career advancement is a motivating factor as this will lead to employees ability to succeed. Graph n explanation Company Pride Graph n explanation 9. Monetary rewards Graph n explanation 10. Job Security Graph n explanation Sample questionnaire Gender: Male Female Age Length of time working at the company: Less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-6 years 7-10 years More than10 years Department: The numbers indicate the following: 1 Strongly disagree 2 -disagree 3 Neutral 4 -agree 5 Strongly agree My work is interesting. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Doing my job fine gives me personal satisfaction. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree My manager gives me recognition when I do an excellent job. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree The company has reasonable expectations from its employees. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am satisfied with the working environment 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree There is a feeling of teamwork in the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree The people I work with improve my job satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I respect my manager as a capable professional. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree My manager treats me with respect. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I have satisfactory opportunities for professional growth in this company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am satisfied with the level of training 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am rewarded for the work I perform 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I would leave the company if I was offered better salary at another company 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I feel my job is secure 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I expect to leave the company within the next 12 months 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am proud to work for the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Overall, I am very satisfied with my job at the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Put the following in order of importance to you regarding your satisfaction (number 1 most important, 9 Least important, next to each item) Interest in job Recognition Working conditions Relationship with peers Relationship with seniors Reasonable expectations from my manager Career progression Monetary rewards Job Security Other Please state

Desriptive Essay On Wrestling :: essays research papers

Descriptive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a person walks into a building to see a live wrestling event they do not know what to expect. They wonder who will be wrestling. They wonder where their seats are. All of the suspense gets them ready for the show. The suspense gets them pumped and ready to for the show to start.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the lobby they see many people standing around or buying T-shirts, hats, and other paraphanaliea of their favorite wrestling superstar. There is a smell of popcorn and other snacks in the air. It is very noisy from people talking about who they hope is there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the people try to find their seats it can be frustrating because it is dark and they do not know the layout of the arena. Once they end up finding their seats there are normally people sitting in them or they are in the wrong one and have to move.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When they see the wrestlers they are so much bigger than they thought. The wrestlers have big and powerful wrestlers. They are always in top condition. The smaller wrestlers still have muscles but they are not as powerful as the bigger ones. The smaller wrestlers rely on their speed to win their matches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the event there is a smell of smoke in the air from the fireworks that had gone off. There is a general noise throughout the building that gets louder as the wrestlers do a special move or look to the crowd. When a wrestler enters the ring the only thing that you can hear is the first part of their theme song because as soon as the crowd knows who it is they either cheer or boo. The sound of the wrestlers being slammed against the mat is very loud. When a wrestler does his final move you can hear the crowd burst into pandemonium as they all stand and cheer or boo, it all depends on who the wrestler is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main event is the best. That is where you get to see your favorite most of the time.

Job Hunting

â€Å"The United States economy seems to be at its lowest at the moment,† can be found headlining The Los Angeles Times. The unemployment rate has been at its highest since the Great Depression and statistics have shown that for over a year now the unemployment rate in the Inland Empire has been at 12 percent. As our society continues to stumble, America continues to decrease the number of job openings available. Because of this job hunting today is a very difficult process. To begin with due to a staggering economy there are fewer job openings available but more people trying to look for jobs.People all over the country are being laid off due to budget cuts. For example it is said that three hundred teachers are to be laid off this year all over San Bernardino Unified School District, Rialto Unified School District, and Riverside Unified School District. Teachers being laid off will cause a struggle for those on the hunt for a job because those who are currently looking for w ork will now be competing not only with the ones already on the hunt but also with three hundred others who have just been added to the statistics.For example a friend of mine, ten years ago was a business man working for a large corporation receiving great pay. Now my friend, the same one who was once a businessman can be found working at McDonalds as a cook, getting paid minimum wage because the corporation he worked for went bankrupt. He didn’t have any other options open for him and he had to settle with whatever it was that he could find at the time. The elderly have families to support at home and the young have their own bills to pay as well. Competition increases day by day and to be able to find a job just gets harder and harder.Furthermore, many people don’t have much education and with not much education the situation becomes harder on them to find a job. Education now plays a great role when applying for a job. In our society there are those people with AA degrees and/or BA degrees that are applying while others have nothing at hand. For example I recently applied at a hotel for a desk front clerk. At my group interview I was competing against a lady who held an accounting degree and who previously had experience. I, on the other hand, only held a high school diploma and had fast food experience.I was turned down because I had neither a degree nor experience. Being able to attain a job becomes harder on those who are just entering the workforce. With budget cuts all around the state and cities there aren’t many options open to civilians. For example my best friend who is at an academy to become a cop has just been told that there will be no job openings available for him once he’s graduated. His situation is due to the fact that the County of San Bernardino will be cutting 50 percent of the county’s work force such as paramedics, police, and firefighters.Situations like this slow down the process and make it harde r on one to be able to attain a job. Lastly due to the advancement in technology companies/corporations are cutting down on workers. Our society now needs less manual labor than what it once used to. A robot can do the job that a hundred people used to perform, in less amounts of time and with no pay. For example America once had manual labor being performed at car factories but with the invention of robots manual labor is not needed anymore.Car parts are now being made by robots and having robots benefits the company because the company can now produce more quickly and save millions of dollars on labor. Computers are another example of automation competing against human kind. For example over the course of the next three years Foxconn, the world’s largest electronic manufacturer, will be adding a total of one million robots and computers to the corporation. The only meaning this holds is that over the next three years there will be thousands and thousands of people left unem ployed.With robots and computers taking over, hundreds are left without a job and by the looks of it our society will continue to become more computerized and programmed. There are thousands of people who are unemployed today. Job hunting today is affected by a staggering economy, education, and the advancement in technology. Under the circumstances it becomes crucial for one to be able to find some kind of job. Day by day job hunting becomes more competitive with fewer chances to a new opportunity.

Client-Server Networking Essay Essay

The problem in the given scenario for the user is that the new driver installed to be compatible with the graphics adapter was not downloaded correctly or was incomplete. This is what causes the secondary malfunctions with the screen. When he was seeing the wavy lines it meant that the driver needed to be updated to use the new graphics adapter. He then checked the device manager and saw that it could be updated. He did so and restarted the computer afterwards. As it started he began hearing the noises because the driver was not downloaded correctly. And he then lost the display and could not diagnose the issue properly. In order to resolve this issue you must first restart the computer. As it comes back up from restarting you would put it in safe mode. It should give you the option to do this like it does to start windows normally. Now that you are in safe mode you are able to use a generic graphics driver that it has within it. But you must first uninstall the new driver that was showing the issues and re-install the driver you have before. From here you just wait for the next compatible driver for that graphic adapter to come out for use. Do not attempt to download the new driver again. From there your issue is temporarily resolved.

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World To Survive in a Globalized World The age of globalization is upon us. This means that people from different cultures have opportunities to interact with each other, thus, they need to find ways to communicate better. Learning a second language on top of their native one may be one step in reaching out to people from another culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parents are now becoming more keen in letting their young children learn second, third and even multiple languages to prepare them for the competition they have to face in the world when they grow up. Children’s television shows such as Dora, the Explorer and Sesame Street are very popular, because these shows feature learning words in another language other than the child’s first language. Young children find exposure to more l anguages at an early age due to the encouragement of multicultural education. English has become the global language for businesses world wide, so many people from foreign countries engage in learning it as a second language. However, several issues have come up regarding linguistic diversity. Educators need to investigate and understand these issues so that they can better design second language learning strategies to implement in their multicultural classes. This paper will investigate language learning and discuss concepts, principles, theories and methods in learning language, specifically a second language. It will also discuss how learning a second language affects the first language as well as determine if age is a factor in learning a new language or if strategies employed in the learning of the language can override the age factor. This is in consideration of more and more adults wanting to learn a second language for their own benefit. Language Acquisition and Development Language acquisition and development has been a point of keen interest of educators, psychologists and researchers that numerous studies have been done to unveil more knowledge about it.There have been many theories conceptualized as to how language is acquired by human beings. A great deal of a child’s acquisition of linguistic structure occurs during the first five years of life. This is the period when he is most active in discerning a set of underlying organizational principles of language from the expression that surrounds him. It is amazing how at a very young age, he is capable of abstracting meaning from direct experience with other language users depending on his own context.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beaty (2009) explains that even at an infant stage, the baby’s early nonverbal communication helps in preparing her for the spoken and w ritten language to follow and at 6 months, she has become a language specialist, based on the sounds she hears most frequently. At 20 months, she may possess a sizable vocabulary if she hears adults around her talk to one another and to her all the time. Of course good hearing and sensitive listening are paramount to language development. According to Lightbrown Spada (1999), like the first language, â€Å"learner’s age is one of the characteristics which determine the way in which an individual approaches second language learning.† (68). Language has four elements, and these elements have related skills necessary to develop a proficiency in language. According to Larsen-Freeman (1986), the natural order that children follow when learning their native language in terms of skill acquisition is: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Crucial to the development of teaching approaches is an understanding of such processes involved in language use. Learning of language and literacy is very much interrelated. With young children, it is essential that the learning approaches in teaching literacy be selected appropriately. Educators use different approaches to help children become literate: Whole language approach: emphasizes a holistic, meaning-based and context-based approach in linking printed text with spoken language. Little attention is paid to specific or isolated skills and limited emphasis is placed on the role of focused practice. Language and literacy are viewed as integrated systems, and specific components of language such as sounds of each letter are not learned in isolation (Norris Hoffman, 1993). Phonetic approach: emphasizes phonological awareness training value the provision of specific and focused opportunities to practice segmenting words into phonemes, blending phonemes into words and learning to rhyme. Natural literacy: expands the concept of emergent literacy by emphasizing the role of interactions with adults or more competent peers in a child’s learning experiences. Although the whole language approach and the phonetic approach seem to be opposing camps, there is good reason to suggest an integration of both for more effective literacy development. Watkins Bunce (1996) gives the rationale: â€Å"On the one hand, because the process of literacy acquisition occurs through natural, meaningful experiences with print and reading, these experiences should play a role in efforts to facilitate such skills. On the other hand, because phonological awareness contributes to early reading achievement, some focus on particular phonological awareness abilities appears warranted. Thus, a rationale exists for integrating whole language and phonological awareness perspectives in attempts to promote literacy proficiency in young children.† (n.p.) The activities teachers of young children should plan for them should comply to the requirements necessary to meet the developmental needs of young chi ldren in terms of their language and literacy development. Not only should children be literate, but they should also become good communicators in the future especially if they are exposed to more of developmentally-appropriate activities in their very young age.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Otto (2010) differentiates language acquisition and language learning as thus: in language acquisition, a child learns language unconsciously in a natural way because he needs to understand meaning. On the other hand, in language learning, a child consciously learns rules in formal instruction in learning a language. Emphasis here is on the form of the language. Vygotsky (1962, as mentioned in Clay, 1998) emphasizes the value of children’s talk and their growing ability to articulate their understanding of their world orally and in writing. Taking part in negotiating meanings is part of the educational process, and Vygotsky believes that just being with others helps children learn. Benson McMullen (1998) agrees that children’s collaboration with their peers in problem-solving sessions encourages listening to each other’s ideas and in turn, express their own thoughts clearly. The varied ideas on dealing with problems evolve in group discussions making children understand that there may be more than one solution to a problem. It also prompts children to negotiate with others which solution to try. Adults play a huge role in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in correct form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the child’s (Clay, 1988). Lindfors (1987) notes that the child’s language environment includes a set of specific sentences, however, it is not this set of sentences that he acquires, but deduces from these an underlying set of organizational principles and sound-meaning relationships. To illustrate, children as young as two do not talk by simply using the specific sentences they hear, but rather, they construct sentences according to their own early version of organized principles underlying the specific sentences they have heard. Perhaps due also limited language and motor skills, the child’s early linguistic system is different from the adult’s and results in telegraphic and grammatically erratic sentences like â€Å"He no want to sit me.†, â€Å"I not like it†, and â€Å"He gived it to me.†Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Over time, his language system will be revised in many different situations, and his sentences will become more adults of story themes are protagonists who dealt with race issues and children who solved problems successfully. Lesson plans should incorporate culturally relevant ideas in each diverse classroom (Edwards Kuhlman, 2007). For children learning a second language at an earlier age, it is important that their cultural background will not be discounted, as it makes up so much of their personhood. CBI strategies that are known it widely include content in its teaching strategies should focus more on the culture the learner comes from along with the culture of the second language he or she is learning. Having a good second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently. I do not discount the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative to ngues to be able to speak fluently in such language. I also believe they need opportunities to practice speaking and listening to the second language outside the language lessons, so that means they need a support system of learners to interact with. I agree with the behaviorists’ concept of language learning through imitation, repetition and reinforcement; socioculturalists’ concept of social influence in language learning and Ausubel’s need for meaning in order to learn language. Thus, it makes sense that I would lean towards the communicative approach in second language learning. For me, it is more practical and user-friendly. I am not restricted to just learning the second language exclusively, but I am given freedom to refer to my native language for meaning. I also get to engage in meaningful activities that would make me appreciate the language better. I do not agree with â€Å"getting it right the beginning† because I see the value in making mista kes. I know they do not have to remain mistakes because the lesson is that they need to be corrected and stay corrected the more I get proficient with the language. I liken it to a child first learning how to write. To correct her in her attempts at writing and spelling may discourage her from exploring her own learning capacities and may just stifle her motivation and quit. I believe, this affects her self-esteem and confidence. However, when she feels liberated to explore writing, she will be more interested and passionate about getting it right that she would initiate asking if what she wrote was correct or not. She will come to a point that she would welcome corrections from adults to set her in the straight and proper path. I believe there is richer learning in this process rather than just being spoonfed information to memorize by rote. For me, meaning is more important than form. My beliefs in second language learning is happily validated by the research literature. Although the many theories I have discussed have different points, I derive what I think best suits my own philosophy. I agree with the sociocultural perspective of learning through interactions with others. A supportive environment will prop up beginning learners to reach their goals. I also believe that people have different learning styles. Some may be content with the traditional ways of listening to a teacher and regurgitating back information to her. For these students, the oral and aural learning styles are preferred. The study of learning styles have unearthed other styles which might have been considered unorthodox in the past. There are kinesthetic learners, who learn through actions and movement. It is fortunate that there are now learning approaches that cater to such learners who provide more active learning activities such as singing, games, dancing, interactive activities, etc. and not restricted to paper and pencil tasks and board work. I believe I am a more experiential lear ner, and teaching-learning methodologies that get me up my chair to actively participate will capture my interest more and make me retain new knowledge and skills better. Activities like dining in a restaurant that serves the food of the country where the language I am studying comes from (ex. French restaurant) and order using that language will be a very fruitful experience from me which would keep me on my toes to use the new language I have learned to good use. Another example is watching a foreign movie with subtitles. I can try watching it by turning the subtitles off and see if I can understand it. If not, then I have the freedom to turn the subtitles back on. I still believe in immersion strategies. Ideally, being in the country where the second language originates will leave the learner no choice but to learn, understand and use the language in order to survive. However, that does not mean that the first language gets pushed down in his psyche and forgotten altogether. It w ill serve as the learner’s anchor to understand the second language better. I also believe that the foreign environment can influence the learning process of the second language with the condition of a proper interaction, where according to the social network theory â€Å"personal relationships an individual shares with others such as relatives, friends, coworkers, and neighbors mediate variable linguistic behavior.† (Mantero, 2007, p. 192). The numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, only prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures. More and more people consider its advantages and possible disadvantages. Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits. Learning another language apart from one’s native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world. Ausubel, David. A. , Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston 1968. Babbitt, Marcia. â€Å"Making Writing Count in an ESL Learning Community.† In I. Leki (ed), Academic Writing Programs, Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 2001. Benson McMullen, Mary., Thinking before doing: A giant toddler step on the road to literacy, Young Children, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 65-70. 1998. Bonk, Curtis J. Cunningham, Donald J. â€Å"Searching for Learner-Centered,  Constructivist, and Sociocultural Components of Collaborative Educational  Learning Tools† in Electronic Collaborators. 2011. Web. Brewer, Joan., Introduction to Early Childhood Education, Allyn Bacon, 2001. Brown, H. Douglas., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2nd Ed. NJ: Prentice Hall Regents 1987. Carroll, John B, The Critical Need in the Study of Language. College Composition and  Communication, Vol. 13, No. 3, Annual Meeting, Chicago, (1962), pp. 23-26. Chiswick, Barry R. Miller, Paul W., Language skills and earnings among le galized aliens, Journal of Population Economics, 12: 63-89, 1999. 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